Forensic science in context of criminology
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Forensic Science and Criminology: An Integrated Approach
The Evolving Role of Forensic Science in Criminology
Forensic science has traditionally been viewed as a collection of disciplines that assist the criminal justice system by analyzing physical evidence from crime scenes. However, recent developments suggest a more integrated approach with criminology, focusing on the study of crime and its traces4. This integration is essential as both fields share crime as their primary object of study3.
Technological Advancements and Digital Data
The rapid advancement of technology has significantly impacted both forensic science and criminology. The increasing availability of digital data and virtual environments has expanded the scope of criminological research, allowing for more comprehensive studies of criminal behavior1. Forensic science now includes the analysis of digital traces, which are crucial for reconstructing events and understanding criminal activities in a digitalized world6.
DNA Databases: A Strategic Tool for Criminological Research
DNA databases have emerged as a valuable resource for criminological research. They enable the study of criminal behavior patterns by linking offenses committed by the same individual, even if the offender's identity is unknown2. This strategic use of DNA data augments traditional criminological methods, providing a more complete picture of crime and facilitating the analysis of larger networks of offenders2.
Forensic Science in the Criminal Justice System
Forensic science plays a critical role at various stages of the criminal justice process, from evidence collection and analysis to prosecution and court proceedings3. The integration of forensic science into criminology has led to the development of holistic models that enhance the effectiveness of policing and crime investigation4. This interdisciplinary approach is crucial for addressing the complexities of modern crime, which often involves both physical and digital evidence6.
Enhancing Forensic Literacy in Criminology
There is a growing recognition of the need to increase forensic literacy among criminal justice practitioners. Incorporating forensic studies into criminology curricula can equip practitioners with the necessary skills to critically analyze forensic evidence and apply it effectively in their work7. This educational approach fosters a deeper understanding of the interplay between forensic science and criminology, ultimately improving the administration of justice7.
Public Forensic Criminology: Bridging the Gap
The concept of public forensic criminology emphasizes the importance of engaging both social and natural sciences in broader public discussions about crime and justice. This approach aims to bridge the gaps between scientific research, civil demands, policy discourses, and professional experiences related to criminality8. By fostering a dialogue between forensic science and criminology, public forensic criminology can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of crime-related events and inform policy and practice8.
Conclusion
The integration of forensic science and criminology is essential for addressing the complexities of modern crime. Technological advancements and the strategic use of DNA databases have expanded the scope of criminological research, while the inclusion of forensic studies in criminology curricula enhances forensic literacy among practitioners. Public forensic criminology further bridges the gap between scientific research and practical application, contributing to a more effective criminal justice system. As both fields continue to evolve, their collaboration will be crucial in tackling the challenges posed by an increasingly digitalized world.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
The progressive opening of forensic science toward criminological concerns
This paper proposes a progressive modeling activity to integrate forensic science and criminology, addressing the challenges of new technology and criminological concerns.
DNA Databases as Alternative Data Sources for Criminological Research
DNA databases can enhance criminological research by linking crimes committed by the same individual, extending existing knowledge beyond known offenders.
Literature ReviewForensic Science and Justice: From Crime Scene to Court and Beyond
Forensic science plays a crucial role in the criminal justice system, from evidence collection and analysis to criminal investigation, prosecution, and the courts, but research in criminology has mainly focused on DNA evidence and its impact on juries.
From Forensics to Forensic Science
Reviving forensic science from its historical roots, studying crime and its traces, can lead to holistic models and greater engagement in policing, crime investigation, and criminology.
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