Genetic definition

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Genetics: Definition and Core Concepts

Genetics is the scientific study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms. It focuses on how traits and characteristics are passed from parents to offspring through genes, which are the fundamental units of inheritance. These genes determine specific traits and are inherited from both biological parents, shaping the development and characteristics of each individual 12.

Genes and Heredity: Key Genetic Terms

A gene is commonly defined as the unit of heredity associated with a specific, transmissible trait. Genes are segments of DNA that carry the instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of organisms. The concept of the gene has evolved over time, but it remains central to understanding how traits are inherited and expressed 36. Heredity refers to the biological process by which parents pass genes to their offspring, resulting in the inheritance of observable characteristics or traits 12.

Historical and Evolving Definitions in Genetics

The term "genetics" was introduced in 1906 to describe the study of heredity and variation, and the word "gene" was later coined to represent the hereditary unit responsible for specific traits . Over time, the definitions of genetic terms have been refined as scientific understanding has advanced, but the core idea remains the same: genetics is the study of how traits are passed from one generation to the next through genes 57.

Genetic Variation and Its Importance

Genetic variation refers to the differences in genes among individuals and populations. This variation is caused by random mutations and is essential for the diversity observed within and between species. Genetic variation underlies the differences in traits and is a key factor in evolution and adaptation 110.

Genetics in Health and Disease

Genetics also plays a crucial role in understanding diseases. Some diseases are hereditary, meaning they are passed down through families, while others result from new mutations in the genetic material. Advances in genetic testing and genomic technologies have expanded the concept of genetic diseases and improved the ability to diagnose and manage hereditary conditions 49.

Conclusion

In summary, genetics is the branch of science that explores how genes and genetic variation influence the inheritance of traits in living organisms. It provides the foundation for understanding heredity, genetic diversity, and the genetic basis of health and disease 12346710.

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Most relevant research papers on this topic

Principle of Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms, affecting the development of character in various disciplines.

2017·

11citations

·Birhanu Bayeh

Genetics

Genetics studies how living organisms receive common traits from previous generations, aiding in classification, understanding blood groups, and guiding parentage testing and personalized transfusion medicine.

2020·

0citations

·B. Armstrong et al.

Defining the gene: an evolving concept.

Variation in these units was a key concept in Darwin's theory, and De Vries' concept of intracellular pangenesis was a key concept in De Vries' concept of gene function.

1991·

23citations

·E. Carlson

How diseases became "genetic".

The term "genetic disease" was first coined in the late 19th century, when diseases with specific causes were identified, and later expanded to include conditions caused by new mutations in egg and sperm cells.

2019·

3citations

·I. Löwy

Genetic Definitions in the New Standard Dictionary

The New Standard Dictionary of the English Language contains erroneous genetic definitions, which may affect the terminology used by specialists in genetics, but may not significantly affect other scientific fields.

1915·

6citations

·G. Shull

About some genetic terms, their content and education

Ambiguity in genetic terms leads to misinterpretation and learning difficulties, with the interaction of environment and hereditary material being a basic factor of genetic and phonetic variability.

2021·

2citations

·E. Daev

"Gene" and "Genetics"

The word "genetics" was introduced by William Bateson in 1906, while the word "gene" was coined by Johannsen in 1909.

1952·

3citations

·H. P. Riley

A dictionary of genetics

A Dictionary of Genetics provides accurate and clear definitions for over 6500 terms, covering both hardcore genetics and related fields, with appendices providing valuable information on taxonomic classification, journal names, and discoveries.

Highly Cited

2000·

149citations

·Jim Hu

Testing, Genetic

Genetic testing accurately determines the presence or absence of a genetic disorder, but is more invasive and may have side effects.

2021·

5citations

·H. Ten Have et al.

A few words about genetic variation

Genetic variation occurs among populations and is caused by random mutations in the genome of an organism.

2023·

0citations

·Siniša Franjić

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