High lactic acid
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Summary
10 papers analyzed
These studies suggest that high lactic acid production can be achieved using various microorganisms and substrates, including food waste, corn stover, and glucose, through methods like CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, pH and temperature control, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.
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High Lactic Acid Production: Strategies and Insights
Metabolic Engineering and Adaptive Evolution for High-Quality Lactic Acid
CRISPR-Cas9 and Adaptive Evolution
Recent advancements in metabolic engineering have enabled the development of high-quality L-lactic acid-producing strains. A notable example is the use of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing platform combined with adaptive evolution to create a strain of Lactobacillus paracasei capable of producing 221.0 g/L of L-lactic acid at 45°C. This strain also demonstrated high productivity (7.5 g/L/h) and yield (0.96 g/g), with an optical purity exceeding 99.1%. This approach highlights the potential for commercial production of polymer-grade L-lactic acid.
High-Rate Lactic Acid Production from Waste Materials
Food Waste and Waste Activated Sludge
Innovative strategies have been developed to produce lactic acid from food waste (FW) and waste activated sludge (WAS). By adjusting pH and fermentation temperature, high-rate lactic acid production was achieved in just 3 days. Mesophilic fermentation at weak alkaline conditions (pH 9) and thermophilic fermentation at neutral pH (7) both resulted in significant lactic acid production, with L-lactic acid being the predominant isomer. This method underscores the importance of optimizing environmental conditions to enhance lactic acid yield from waste materials.
Corn Stover and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF)
Using lignocellulosic materials like corn stover for lactic acid production has shown promising results. Pediococcus acidilactici DQ2, a strain tolerant to high temperatures and lignocellulose-derived inhibitors, was used in SSF processes, achieving a lactic acid titer of 101.9 g/L and a yield of 77.2%. Similarly, Lactobacillus pentosus FL0421 and Bacillus coagulans LA204 have demonstrated high lactic acid yields from NaOH-pretreated corn stover, with titers reaching up to 97.59 g/L . These studies highlight the feasibility of using agricultural residues for efficient lactic acid production.
Bioreactor Optimization for Enhanced Lactic Acid Production
Membrane Cell-Recycle Bioreactor (MCRB)
The use of MCRBs has been explored to increase lactic acid productivity. By recycling cells, a high productivity of 21.6 g/L/h was achieved, although the lactic acid concentration was limited to 83 g/L. Connecting two MCRBs in series improved the concentration to 92 g/L with a productivity of 57 g/L/h, demonstrating the effectiveness of bioreactor configuration in optimizing lactic acid production.
Environmental and Genetic Factors Influencing Lactic Acid Production
pH and Temperature Effects
The production of lactic acid is significantly influenced by pH and temperature. Optimal conditions for lactic acid production from food waste were found to be at pH 6 and 37°C, with higher temperatures favoring solubilization but inhibiting acidification processes. Additionally, the transcriptional responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to high lactic acid concentrations revealed that iron homeostasis and the Haa1p regulon play crucial roles in the yeast's tolerance to lactic acid, particularly under different pH conditions.
Applications in Winemaking
Lachancea thermotolerans in Winemaking
The yeast Lachancea thermotolerans has shown potential in winemaking by producing high levels of lactic acid, which can counteract the effects of climate change on wine acidity and ethanol content. A specific strain, P-HO1, produced 10.4 g/L of lactic acid in mixed fermentations, enhancing wine acidity and reducing ethanol content. This application demonstrates the versatility of lactic acid production in various industries.
Conclusion
The production of high lactic acid concentrations involves a combination of genetic engineering, optimization of fermentation conditions, and innovative bioreactor designs. Utilizing waste materials and lignocellulosic biomass not only provides a sustainable approach but also reduces production costs. The integration of these strategies can significantly enhance the efficiency and commercial viability of lactic acid production across various applications.
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