How common is cardiovascular disease

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Prevalence and Impact of Cardiovascular Disease

Global Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. According to the 2013 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, CVD was responsible for 17.3 million deaths globally, accounting for 31.5% of all deaths and 45% of all non-communicable disease deaths. This figure is more than double the number of deaths caused by cancer and exceeds the combined total of all communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders. The burden of CVD has increased over time, with the number of deaths rising from 12.3 million in 1990 to 17.3 million in 2013.

Cardiovascular Disease in Europe

In Europe, CVD continues to be the most common cause of death, causing nearly twice as many deaths as cancer. Despite a significant decrease in mortality rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke over the past decade, more than 4 million people die from CVD annually in Europe, with over 1.4 million of these deaths occurring prematurely, before the age of 75. The prevalence of CVD varies significantly across European countries, with notable disparities in mortality rates and access to treatment.

Cardiovascular Disease in the United States

In the United States, CVD is also the leading cause of death, accounting for 34.4% of the 2.4 million deaths in 2003. The economic impact of CVD is substantial, with healthcare spending and lost productivity exceeding $400 billion in 2006. The aging population, obesity epidemic, and underuse of prevention strategies are expected to exacerbate the future burden of CVD in the U.S..

Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Adults

The prevalence of CVD among older adults is particularly high. The Cardiovascular Health Study, which included 5,201 adults aged 65 years and older, found that the prevalence rates of definite myocardial infarction and angina were 11% and 15%, respectively, among men aged 65-69 years, and 18% and 17% among men aged 80-84 years. Among women, the prevalence rates were lower but still significant, with 4% and 8% among those aged 65-69 years, and 3% and 13% among those aged 80-84 years.

Cardiovascular Disease in Middle-Income vs. High-Income Countries

There are significant disparities in the burden of CVD between middle-income and high-income countries. In middle-income countries, the prevalence of major risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and smoking is higher compared to high-income countries. Consequently, the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to CVD are over three times higher in middle-income countries. Cardiovascular mortality is also higher in these countries, accounting for a greater proportion of potential years of life lost.

Cardiovascular Disease in Young Individuals

The incidence of CVD among young individuals (aged 18-50 years) has either remained steady or increased over the past two decades, in contrast to the declining trend observed in older adults. This increase is attributed to the high prevalence of risk factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet, and substance abuse among young adults. This trend suggests a potential future epidemic of CVD as this younger population ages.

Conclusion

Cardiovascular disease remains a major global health challenge, with significant variations in prevalence and impact across different regions and age groups. Despite advances in treatment and prevention, CVD continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide. Addressing the disparities in disease burden and improving access to healthcare are crucial steps in reducing the global impact of cardiovascular disease.