How long is strep contagious

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How Long is Strep Contagious?

Contagious Period of Streptococcus Infections

Streptococcus infections, including those caused by Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus agalactiae, are significant pathogens in both human and animal health. Understanding the contagious period of these infections is crucial for effective management and control.

Streptococcus uberis

Streptococcus uberis is a common cause of mastitis in dairy cows. During an outbreak on a Dutch dairy farm, it was observed that the majority of infections occurred within a 21-week period. The study highlighted that the number of existing infections in a preceding time interval was a significant predictor of new infections, suggesting that contagious transmission played a role in the outbreak . This indicates that Strep. uberis can be highly contagious during an outbreak, with the potential for rapid spread within a herd.

Streptococcus dysgalactiae

The transmission dynamics of Streptococcus dysgalactiae, another mastitis-causing pathogen, were studied across multiple farms. The findings showed variability in the strain types, with some farms experiencing infections from a single strain over 14 months, while others had multiple strains. This suggests that Strep. dysgalactiae can persist and remain contagious for extended periods, potentially over a year, depending on the farm's conditions and management practices .

Streptococcus agalactiae

In a study of a Dutch dairy herd using an automatic milking system, the median duration of intramammary infections (IMI) caused by Streptococcus agalactiae was found to be approximately 86 days. The transmission rate was slightly higher than in conventional milking systems, but the basic reproduction number (R0) was below 1, indicating limited transmission potential under the study conditions . This suggests that while Strep. agalactiae can be contagious for several months, effective management can limit its spread.

Conclusion

The contagious period of Streptococcus infections varies depending on the specific pathogen and the conditions of the environment. Streptococcus uberis can spread rapidly during an outbreak, while Streptococcus dysgalactiae can remain contagious for over a year in some cases. Streptococcus agalactiae, although contagious for several months, can have its transmission limited with proper management. Understanding these dynamics is essential for controlling the spread of these infections in both human and animal populations.

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Most relevant research papers on this topic

Analysis of an outbreak of Streptococcus uberis mastitis.

Contagious transmission may have played a role in this outbreak of Strep. uberis mastitis in a Dutch dairy farm with good udder health management.

Observational StudyHighly Cited

2001·

119citations

·R. Zadoks et al.

Streptococcus dysgalactiae—Contagious or Environmental?

Streptococcus dysgalactiae infections in cattle can occur via various routes, with some farms showing a single strain responsible for all cases, while others show multiple strains in mastitis milk within 14 months.

Observational StudyRigorous Journal

2020·

23citations

·N. Wente et al.

Transmission dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in a Dutch dairy herd using an automatic milking system.

Dutch dairy herds using automatic milking systems have comparable transmission rates of Staph. aureus and Strep. agalactiae, but slightly higher Strep. agalactiae transmission rates and lower R0 of these pathogens compared to conventional milking systems.

2021·

4citations

·Z. Deng et al.

Short communication: Streptococcus canis is able to establish a persistent udder infection in a dairy herd.

Streptococcus canis can cause persistent udder infections in dairy herds, acting as a contagious source, and effective control may require similar measures to those used in Streptococcus agalactiae eradication programs.

Observational StudyRigorous Journal

2015·

14citations

·J. Król et al.

Genotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling of Streptococcus uberis Isolated from a Clinical Bovine Mastitis Outbreak in a Dairy Farm

Strep. uberis strains from an Italian dairy farm showed low prevalence of -lactam resistance, with lincomycin (93%), tetracycline (85-8.9%), and one isolate showing resistance to six antimicrobial classes, including cephalosporins.

Observational Study

2021·

19citations

·Valentina Monistero et al.

Strain diversity and infection durations of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. causing intramammary infections in dairy cows.

Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staph. haemolyticus infections in dairy cows have short durations, questioning the need for antimicrobial treatment for these organisms.

Observational Study

2023·

15citations

·S. Woudstra et al.

Hospital clusters of invasive Group B Streptococcal disease: a systematic review.

Long intervals between cases in hospital clusters of invasive Group B Streptococcal disease may hinder detection of outbreaks without enhanced surveillance supported by genomics.

Systematic ReviewRigorous Journal

2019·

29citations

·S. Collin et al.

Group B streptococcal disease in UK and Irish infants younger than 90 days, 2014-15: a prospective surveillance study.

The incidence of invasive group B streptococcal disease in infants younger than 90 days in the UK and Ireland has increased, with early-onset disease not declining despite national prevention guidelines.

Observational StudyRigorous JournalHighly Cited

2019·

78citations

·Catherine O’Sullivan et al.

Nosocomial transmission of group B Streptococci in a newborn nursery.

Nosocomial transmission of group B streptococci in newborns may be through cross colonization via personnel contact, but the exact mode of transmission remains unclear.

Observational StudyHighly Cited

1977·

85citations

·A. Paredes et al.

Studies of the carrier state following infection with group A streptococci. 1. Effect of climate.

Climate plays a significant role in the persistence of group A streptococci in the upper respiratory tract after pharyngitis, with varying durations and varying levels of infection.

Observational Study

1962·

28citations

·R. Krause et al.

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