How many genes in human genome
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
Estimating the Number of Genes in the Human Genome
Early Estimates of Human Gene Count
Initial estimates of the number of genes in the human genome varied widely. Early predictions suggested there might be between 60,000 and 100,000 genes . However, subsequent analyses using expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and other methods have produced a range of estimates, from as few as 45,000 to as many as 140,000 genes .
Revised Estimates and Technological Advances
With advancements in sequencing technology and more refined analytical methods, the estimated number of human genes has been significantly revised. For instance, the Chromosome 22 Sequencing Consortium estimated a minimum of 45,000 genes based on their annotation of the complete chromosome . However, more recent and comprehensive analyses have suggested much lower numbers.
The Impact of Whole-Genome Sequencing
The completion of the human genome sequence in 2001 provided a more accurate basis for estimating gene numbers. One study using whole-genome shotgun sequencing identified approximately 26,588 protein-encoding transcripts, with an additional ~12,000 computationally derived genes, suggesting a total of around 38,588 genes . Another analysis using the pufferfish genome for comparative genomics estimated the human genome to contain between 28,000 and 34,000 genes .
Current Consensus on Gene Count
The most recent and widely accepted estimates place the number of protein-coding genes in the human genome at around 20,000 to 25,000 910. This number is surprisingly low compared to earlier estimates and has significant implications for our understanding of human complexity and evolution. For example, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has a similar number of protein-coding genes, despite being a much simpler organism .
Conclusion
The number of genes in the human genome has been a subject of extensive research and debate. While early estimates suggested a much higher number, current consensus, supported by advanced sequencing technologies and comparative genomics, places the number of protein-coding genes at approximately 20,000 to 25,000. This revised understanding challenges previous notions of genetic complexity and underscores the importance of non-coding regions and regulatory elements in contributing to human diversity and function.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic