Hpv on cervix
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Summary
10 papers analyzed
These studies suggest that HPV, particularly types 16, 18, and 45, is a major cause of cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers, and that vaccination and screening can significantly reduce the incidence of these cancers.
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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) on the Cervix: Insights and Implications
HPV and Cervical Cancer
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant cause of cervical cancer, with specific types like HPV16 and HPV18 being the most prevalent. Studies have shown that HPV16 and HPV18 are responsible for a majority of cervical cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma . The presence of HPV DNA in tumor biopsy specimens and the expression of viral oncogenes E6 and E7 are critical factors in the development and maintenance of the malignant phenotype in cervical carcinoma.
HPV Types and Cervical Lesions
HPV infection can lead to various cervical lesions, ranging from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to invasive cervical carcinoma (CC). CIN lesions, which can regress, persist, or progress to invasive cancer, are particularly aggressive in women co-infected with HPV and HIV. HIV protease inhibitors have been shown to reduce the incidence and progression of CIN, highlighting the role of HPV proteins and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the evolution of these lesions.
HPV16 and HPV18: Differential Impact
HPV16 and HPV18 have different impacts on the cervix. HPV16 is associated with more severe lesions and a higher prevalence of natural killer (NK) cells with reduced cytotoxicity, suggesting a hyporesponsive local immune system that may contribute to malignant transformation. In contrast, HPV18 is less aggressive in terms of lesion severity and immune response.
HPV and Neuroendocrine Cervical Cancers
Neuroendocrine cancers of the cervix, such as small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNC), are also linked to HPV. A significant proportion of these cancers are caused by HPV, primarily HPV18 and HPV16. Prophylactic HPV vaccines are expected to prevent most SCNC and LCNC cases.
Cofactors and HPV-Associated Cervical Adenocarcinoma
Cervical adenocarcinoma, a type of cervical cancer, has seen a rise in incidence. HPV is a key risk factor, with HPV16 and HPV18 being the most common types detected. Cofactors such as poor hygiene, sexual behavior, long-term hormonal contraception use, high parity, and HSV-2 seropositivity also contribute to the risk. Interestingly, the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) has been associated with a reduced risk of adenocarcinoma.
HPV Prevalence in Cervix and Oral Cavity
HPV infection is prevalent in both the cervix and oral cavity, especially in HIV-positive women. Studies have shown a high prevalence of HPV in the cervix (96.6%) and oral cavity (92.5%), with a significant proportion of women having concurrent infections in both sites. High-risk HPV types are more prevalent than low-risk types in these populations.
Conclusion
HPV plays a crucial role in the development of various cervical cancers and lesions. The differential impact of HPV16 and HPV18, the role of cofactors, and the high prevalence of HPV in both the cervix and oral cavity underscore the importance of HPV vaccination and early detection programs. Understanding these dynamics can help in developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the burden of HPV-associated cervical diseases.
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