Hydrochlorothiazide pharmacological classification
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
Hydrochlorothiazide Pharmacological Classification: Thiazide Diuretic
Thiazide Diuretic Drug Class
Hydrochlorothiazide is classified pharmacologically as a thiazide diuretic. Thiazide diuretics are commonly used to treat conditions such as arterial hypertension and edema by promoting the excretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride in the urine, which leads to increased urine output and reduced blood pressure 123.
Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class IV
In addition to its pharmacological class, hydrochlorothiazide is categorized as a Class IV drug in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System. This means it has both low solubility and low permeability, which can limit its absorption and effectiveness when taken orally 12345.
Mechanism of Action and Therapeutic Use
As a thiazide diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide works by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules of the kidney. This action increases the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water, resulting in diuresis (increased urine production) and a reduction in blood pressure 12. Its main therapeutic uses are for managing hypertension and fluid retention.
Formulation Challenges and Solutions
Due to its low solubility and permeability, various formulation strategies have been explored to improve the drug’s bioavailability and therapeutic effect. These include the use of cyclodextrins, nanoclays, and self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, all of which have shown to enhance the dissolution, absorption, and diuretic activity of hydrochlorothiazide 1245.
Conclusion
Hydrochlorothiazide is pharmacologically classified as a thiazide diuretic and is a BCS Class IV drug due to its low solubility and permeability. Its primary clinical use is in the treatment of hypertension and edema, and ongoing research focuses on improving its formulation to enhance its effectiveness.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic