Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy symptoms
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Symptoms: An Overview
Introduction to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited cardiac disease characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy without an obvious cause. This condition can present a wide range of clinical symptoms, from asymptomatic cases to severe heart failure or sudden cardiac death (SCD) .
Common Symptoms of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Chest Pain and Heart Failure
Patients with HCM often experience chest pain (angina), which can occur both at rest and during physical exertion. This symptom is a result of the increased cardiac mass and the dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract . Heart failure is another significant symptom, manifesting as fatigue, shortness of breath, and reduced exercise capacity .
Syncope and Palpitations
Syncope (fainting) and presyncope (near-fainting) are common in HCM patients, often triggered by exertion or changes in posture. These episodes are frequently associated with abnormal blood pressure responses during exercise . Palpitations, described as fluttering or rapid heartbeats, are also prevalent and can be distressing for patients.
Shortness of Breath and Dizziness
Shortness of breath, both at rest and during physical activity, is a frequent complaint among HCM patients. This symptom is often accompanied by dizziness or light-headedness, which can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life .
Postprandial Symptom Exacerbation
A notable proportion of HCM patients experience a worsening of symptoms after meals. This postprandial exacerbation is linked to increased angina and a higher overall symptom burden, indicating more severe disease.
Impact on Quality of Life
The symptoms of HCM can severely limit physical activities and have substantial emotional impacts, including anxiety and depression. These limitations can affect work and social interactions, further diminishing the quality of life for patients.
Conclusion
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presents a diverse array of symptoms, ranging from chest pain and heart failure to syncope, palpitations, and shortness of breath. These symptoms can significantly impact patients' daily lives and overall well-being. Understanding and managing these symptoms is crucial for improving the quality of life and reducing the risk of severe complications in HCM patients.
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