Immune therapy
Searched over 200M research papers for "immune therapy"
Summary
10 papers analyzed
These studies suggest that immune therapy can improve outcomes and reduce relapses in autoimmune encephalitis, enhance quality of life in multiple sclerosis, provide long-term benefits for immune-related diseases, and is a standard treatment for various cancers with potential for more effective future approaches.
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Advances in Immune Therapy: A Comprehensive Overview
Immune Therapy in Autoimmune Encephalitis
Keywords: Autoimmune Encephalitis, Immune Therapy, Antibodies, First-line Therapy, Second-line Therapy
Immune therapy has shown significant promise in treating autoimmune encephalitis, particularly in cases associated with antibodies to cell surface antigens such as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein-1 (LGI1). Clinicians typically employ first-line therapies, including steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange. For severe or refractory cases, second-line therapies like rituximab and cyclophosphamide are used. Early intervention with immune therapy has been associated with better patient outcomes and reduced relapse rates.
Immune Reconstitution Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis
Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Immune Reconstitution Therapy, CD20 Depleting Therapies, Adaptive Immune System
Immune reconstitution therapy (IRT) is an emerging treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) that can induce long-term remission. Treatments such as autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, alemtuzumab, and cladribine tablets have shown to produce significant changes in immune cell populations, leading to a more anti-inflammatory profile. Alemtuzumab and cladribine tablets, in particular, have been effective in depleting B cells and T cells, although alemtuzumab may cause secondary autoimmunity due to B cell hyperpopulation. Regular treatments with ocrelizumab and rituximab are necessary to maintain immune cell depletion.
Trained Immunity: A New Frontier in Immunotherapy
Keywords: Trained Immunity, Innate Immune System, Metabolic Programming, Epigenetic Programming
Recent research has highlighted the concept of 'trained immunity,' where innate immune cells like monocytes and macrophages undergo long-term functional changes through metabolic and epigenetic programming. This reprogramming can make these cells either hyperresponsive or hyporesponsive to secondary stimuli, providing a new framework for treating immune-related diseases such as inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
Immune Therapy for Cancer
Keywords: Cancer Immunotherapy, Monoclonal Antibodies, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Tumor Microenvironment
Immune therapy has become a cornerstone in cancer treatment, utilizing strategies like monoclonal antibodies, immune adjuvants, and vaccines against oncogenic viruses. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 have shown success, particularly in 'hot' tumors with preexisting T cell infiltration. However, 'cold' tumors lacking such infiltration require novel strategies to activate innate immunity within the tumor microenvironment. Combining these approaches with adaptive immune responses holds promise for more effective cancer treatments .
Modulating Immunity for Bacterial Infections
Keywords: Bacterial Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance, Host-Directed Therapies, Immune Modulators
With the rise of antimicrobial resistance, host-directed immunomodulatory therapies are gaining attention as a new paradigm for treating bacterial infections. These therapies aim to enhance the host's natural immune responses while minimizing inflammation-induced tissue injury. Potential immune modulators include innate defense regulator peptides and agonists of innate immune components like Toll-like receptors.
Combining Epigenetic and Immune Therapy in Cancer
Keywords: Cancer Resistance, Epigenetic Therapy, Immune Evasion, Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Cancer cells often develop resistance to immune therapies through both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms. Epigenetic therapies, such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors, can reverse these resistance mechanisms by stimulating anti-tumor immunity. Combining epigenetic therapies with immune checkpoint blockade has shown promise in overcoming cancer resistance and improving patient outcomes.
Conclusion
Immune therapy continues to evolve, offering new hope for treating a range of diseases from autoimmune encephalitis and multiple sclerosis to various forms of cancer and bacterial infections. Advances in understanding both the adaptive and innate immune systems, as well as the integration of epigenetic therapies, are paving the way for more effective and long-lasting treatments. As research progresses, these innovative approaches hold the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes across multiple medical fields.
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