Interrupted blood flow
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The Impact of Interrupted Blood Flow on Vascular Health
Disturbed Blood Flow and Vascular Endothelium
Keywords: disturbed blood flow, vascular endothelium, atherosclerosis
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are significantly influenced by the hemodynamic forces exerted by blood flow. In straight arterial segments, blood flow is typically laminar, characterized by high and directed wall shear stress, which upregulates protective EC genes and proteins against atherosclerosis. Conversely, in arterial branches and curvatures, blood flow becomes disturbed, exhibiting low and irregular shear stress. This disturbed flow promotes the expression of genes and proteins that contribute to atherogenesis, leading to the preferential localization of atherosclerotic lesions in these areas. Additionally, disturbed flow is implicated in postsurgical neointimal hyperplasia, in-stent restenosis, vein bypass graft failure, transplant vasculopathy, and aortic valve calcification. In the venous system, disturbed flow due to reflux, outflow obstruction, or stasis can lead to venous inflammation and thrombosis, contributing to chronic venous diseases.
Interruption of Hepatic Arterial Flow
Keywords: hepatic arterial flow, cholecystectomy, liver function
A case study reported the ligation of the right hepatic artery during a cholecystectomy, with the patient recovering uneventfully. This suggests that the interruption of hepatic arterial blood flow can occur without significant adverse effects on liver function in certain scenarios.
Measurement Techniques for Blood Flow Interruption
Keywords: blood flow measurement, electromagnetic flow meter, interrupted resonance system
The "Interrupted Resonance System" has been shown to effectively eliminate baseline errors in electromagnetic blood flow measurements. This system compares non-occlusive baseline measurements obtained by switching off the magnet with those obtained through mechanical occlusion, cardiac arrest, or pharmacological blockage. The adequacy of this method has been demonstrated across various arteries, including the aorta, iliac, carotid, femoral, renal, and superior mesenteric arteries.
Prolonged Sitting and Vascular Function
Keywords: prolonged sitting, vascular function, shear rate, flow-mediated dilation
Prolonged sitting negatively impacts endothelial function, reducing shear rate (SR), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and blood flow (BF). Interrupting sitting with physical activity significantly improves these parameters, suggesting that such strategies are effective in preventing endothelial dysfunction caused by prolonged sitting . Specifically, light- and moderate-intensity activity breaks can attenuate the procoagulant effects of uninterrupted sitting, such as increased fibrinogen levels and reduced plasma volume.
Tumor Blood Flow Interruption Post-Radiotherapy
Keywords: tumor blood flow, radiotherapy, tumor regrowth
Interrupting tumor blood flow post-radiotherapy has been shown to significantly inhibit tumor regrowth. In a study involving a combretastatin derivative (AC7700), the interruption of tumor blood flow after irradiation led to a complete cessation of blood flow within the tumor, enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy and preventing cancer recurrence.
Vascular Function in Type 2 Diabetes
Keywords: type 2 diabetes, prolonged sitting, vascular function
In individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), interrupting prolonged sitting with simple resistance activities (SRA) every 30 minutes significantly improves femoral artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) compared to uninterrupted sitting. This suggests that frequent, short activity breaks are more beneficial for vascular health in T2D patients than less frequent, longer breaks.
Conclusion
Interrupted blood flow, whether due to physiological conditions, medical procedures, or lifestyle factors, has significant implications for vascular health. Understanding the effects of disturbed and interrupted blood flow can inform strategies to mitigate vascular dysfunction and improve clinical outcomes in various conditions. Regular physical activity breaks, particularly in sedentary individuals and those with chronic conditions like T2D, are crucial for maintaining vascular health. Additionally, targeted therapeutic interventions, such as those combining radiotherapy with agents that disrupt tumor blood flow, show promise in enhancing treatment efficacy and preventing disease recurrence.
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