Is cod high in omega 3

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Is Cod High in Omega-3?

Cod Liver Oil and Omega-3 Content

Cod liver oil is a well-known source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Studies have shown that cod liver oil is rich in these beneficial fatty acids, which are essential for various bodily functions and have numerous health benefits 256.

Health Benefits of Omega-3 from Cod

Cardiovascular Health

Omega-3 fatty acids from cod liver oil have been extensively studied for their cardiovascular benefits. Research indicates that these fatty acids can lower serum triglycerides and reduce platelet aggregation, which can help in preventing cardiovascular diseases 24. Additionally, cod liver oil has been shown to reduce total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, further contributing to cardiovascular health .

Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Cod liver oil's omega-3 content also exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties. In a study involving a rat model of colitis, dietary supplementation with cod liver oil reduced the severity and progression of chronic inflammatory lesions in the colon . This suggests that omega-3 fatty acids from cod liver oil can modulate inflammatory processes, potentially benefiting conditions characterized by chronic inflammation.

Lipid Management

Cod liver oil has been found to be effective in managing lipid levels in hyperlipidemic conditions. In a study on hyperlipidemic mice, cod liver oil significantly decreased triglycerides and total blood cholesterol levels . This lipid-lowering effect is crucial for preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases.

Comparison with Other Fish Oils

While cod liver oil is a potent source of omega-3 fatty acids, it is not the only fish oil with these benefits. Other fish oils, such as those from eel, sardine, and trout, also contain high levels of omega-3 fatty acids and have been shown to have similar health benefits . However, cod liver oil remains a popular choice due to its availability and well-documented effects.

Conclusion

Cod liver oil is indeed high in omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA, which are essential for cardiovascular health, anti-inflammatory effects, and lipid management. The health benefits of omega-3 from cod liver oil are well-supported by research, making it a valuable dietary supplement for those looking to improve their overall health.

Sources and full results

Most relevant research papers on this topic

Fish Liver Discards as a Source of Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Fish livers from cod, hake, and ling are the most suitable species for producing omega-3 oil, with storage conditions having no significant effect on quality and oil composition.

Rigorous Journal

2022·

8citations

·C. Jacobsenet al.

Foods

Long-term effects of dietary marine omega-3 fatty acids upon plasma and cellular lipids, platelet function, and eicosanoid formation in humans.

Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids from cod liver oil can shift the prostaglandin I/thromboxane A balance to a more antiaggregatory and vasodilatory state, lasting for 5 months and reversing within 12 weeks after discontinuing intake.

Non-RCTHighly Cited

1985·

672citations

·C. Schackyet al.

The Journal of clinical investigation

Fish, long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and incidence of atrial fibrillation: A pooled analysis of two prospective studies.

High consumption of lean fish (cod/saithe/fish fingers) is associated with a lower risk of atrial fibrillation, but the association between fatty fish and omega-3 PUFA intake remains unclear.

Meta-AnalysisVery Rigorous Journal

2017·

20citations

·S. Larssonet al.

Clinical nutrition

Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Increasing omega-3 fatty acid intake from fish and plants shows little or no effect on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and stroke risk.

Meta-AnalysisVery Rigorous JournalHighly Cited

2018·

526citations

·A. Abdelhamidet al.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

Influence of Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Rich Fish Oils on Hyperlipidemia: Effect of Eel, Sardine, Trout, and Cod Oils on Hyperlipidemic Mice

Smoked eel is the best source of omega-3 fatty acids, with a balanced omega-6 ratio, that effectively improves high-fat diet-induced mixed hyperlipidemia in mice.

Non-RCTAnimal Study

2020·

12citations

·Martha Kontostathiet al.

Journal of Medicinal Food

Role of Cod Liver Oil in Reducing Elevated Lipid Parameters

Cod liver oil in addition to rosuvastatin effectively reduces cholesterol levels more effectively than rosuvastatin alone.

RCTLarge Human TrialRigorous Journal

2021·

4citations

·Faryal Fatimaet al.

Cureus

Dietary fish oil reduces progression of chronic inflammatory lesions in a rat model of granulomatous colitis.

A fish oil diet reduces chronic inflammation in the colon by decreasing thromboxane levels and shortening the course of colonic disease.

Non-RCTAnimal StudyHighly Cited

1990·

192citations

·J. Vilasecaet al.

Gut

Effect on blood lipids and haemostasis of a supplement of cod-liver oil, rich in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, in healthy young men.

A daily cod-liver oil supplement can improve blood lipids, platelet function, and haemostasis in healthy young men, but may prolong bleeding time and increase antithrombin III levels.

Non-RCTHighly Cited

1981·

348citations

·T. Sanderset al.

Clinical science

Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Increasing omega-3 fatty acid intake from fish and plants does not show a significant reduction in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, or arrhythmia risk.

Meta-AnalysisVery Rigorous JournalHighly Cited

2018·

111citations

·A. Abdelhamidet al.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Increasing omega-3 fatty acid intake from fish and plants does not show a significant reduction in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, stroke, or adiposity.

Meta-AnalysisVery Rigorous Journal

2020·

39citations

·A. Abdelhamidet al.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

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