Is eczema communicable

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Is Eczema Communicable?

Understanding Eczema: A Non-Communicable Disease

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a prevalent inflammatory skin condition that significantly impacts the quality of life of those affected. It is crucial to understand that eczema is classified as a non-communicable disease, meaning it cannot be transmitted from one person to another through direct contact or other means 1234.

Clinical Characteristics and Types of Eczema

Eczema manifests through various clinical signs such as redness, scaling, oozing, crusting, lichenification, and intense itching. Dermatohistological features include acanthosis, parakeratosis, spongiosis, and lymphocytic infiltrates . Eczema can be categorized into several types based on its etiology and location, including contact eczema, atopic eczema, seborrheic eczema, and nummular eczema .

Pathophysiology and Immune Response

The pathophysiology of eczema involves a disturbed skin barrier and an aberrant immune response. Recent advances in molecular genetics and lymphocyte immunology have provided deeper insights into these mechanisms. Eczema is characterized by an impaired epidermal barrier, increased susceptibility to infections, and the presence of eosinophils . Despite these advances, there remains a gap between understanding these mechanisms and effectively managing the disease in clinical practice 12.

Socioeconomic Impact

Eczema not only affects the physical health of individuals but also imposes a significant socioeconomic burden. Patients with eczema incur substantial out-of-pocket expenses for healthcare, including costs for emollients, moisturizers, medications, and medical consultations. These costs are higher compared to other chronic diseases, highlighting the economic strain on affected individuals .

Conclusion

In summary, eczema is a non-communicable inflammatory skin disease with complex pathophysiology and significant socioeconomic impact. It is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person. Understanding its clinical characteristics, immune response patterns, and the financial burden on patients is essential for effective management and support for those affected.

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Most relevant research papers on this topic

Atopic eczema: burden of disease and individual suffering – results from a large EU study in adults

Atopic eczema affects 1-5 percent of adults in Europe, impairing quality of life and often goes unrecognized for its true impact on individual suffering.

Observational StudyHighly Cited

2019·

125citations

·J. Ring et al.

Eczema – in the focus between dermatology and allergology

Eczema is a common non-communicable inflammatory skin disease with potential for targeted treatment with anti-IL4 receptor antagonists, but currently lacks a targeted biologic treatment like psoriasis.

2015·

5citations

·J. Ring

Out-of-pocket Costs for Individuals with Atopic Eczema: A Cross-sectional Study in Nine European Countries.

Atopic eczema patients in Europe face a substantial burden of out-of-pocket costs, with emollients and moisturizers being the highest monthly costs.

Observational Study

2019·

67citations

·A. Zink et al.

Immune response patterns in non‐communicable inflammatory skin diseases

Six immune response patterns in non-communicable inflammatory skin diseases can be classified and targeted for specific therapeutic strategies.

Highly Cited

2018·

136citations

·K. Eyerich et al.

Eczema vaccinatum.

Eczema vaccinatum (EV) is a potential smallpox vaccination complication in individuals with eczema/atopic dermatitis, causing extensive rash and systemic illness.

Rigorous Journal

2012·

6citations

·Jennifer L Reed et al.

Vaccinia virus inoculation in sites of allergic skin inflammation elicits a vigorous cutaneous IL-17 response

IL-17 may be a potential therapeutic target in eczema vaccinatum, as it elicits a vigorous cutaneous IL-17 response, leading to larger primary lesions and more satellite lesions, and potentially promoting virus replication in skin explants.

Non-RCTAnimal Study

2009·

52citations

·M. Oyoshi et al.

Induction, treatment and prevention of eczema vaccinatum in atopic dermatitis mouse models.

MVA vaccination protects against lethal ectromelia virus exposure in atopic dermatitis mouse models, despite the severity of the disease in humans.

Non-RCTAnimal Study

2017·

9citations

·H. Achdout et al.

Severe eczema vaccinatum in a household contact of a smallpox vaccinee.

This case highlights the need for careful screening before smallpox vaccination and awareness of potential severe adverse events related to vaccinia virus.

Case ReportRigorous JournalHighly Cited

2008·

203citations

·Surabhi B. Vora et al.

Overview of Reviews The prevention of eczema in infants and children: an overview of Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews.

No clear evidence exists to suggest that any of the main interventions reviewed reduced eczema incidence in infants and children, with the exception of exclusive breastfeeding and prebiotics in high-risk infants.

Systematic ReviewHighly Cited

2011·

71citations

·M. Foisy et al.

The immunogenetics of asthma and eczema: a new focus on the epithelium

Understanding epithelial-cell surface events may lead to new treatments for asthma and eczema, as genetic and environmental factors contribute to their development.

Highly Cited

2004·

402citations

·W. Cookson

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