Jupiter temperature range
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Temperature Range of Jupiter
Effective Temperature of Jupiter
Jupiter's effective temperature, which is a measure of the planet's overall thermal emission, has been determined through various missions and observations. Data from the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 spacecraft indicate an effective temperature of approximately 125 ± 3 K . This value is consistent with other measurements, such as those from far-infrared and submillimeter observations, which report an effective temperature of 126.8 ± 4.5 K .
Atmospheric Temperature Variations
Upper Atmosphere and Exosphere
The temperature in Jupiter's upper atmosphere and exosphere exhibits significant variations. Measurements from the Voyager 1 Ultraviolet Spectrometer indicate that the exospheric temperature can reach as high as 1450 K, with an uncertainty range of +300 to -250 K . This high temperature is attributed to a combination of factors, including upward propagating inertia gravity waves and magnetospheric interactions.
Tropospheric Temperatures
The tropospheric temperatures of Jupiter, particularly at the 1 bar pressure level, have been reassessed using data from the Voyager missions. The corrected temperatures at this level are found to be 170.3 ± 3.8 K at 12°S and 167.3 ± 3.8 K at 0°N . These values are slightly higher than the temperature measured by the Galileo probe, which reported 166.1 ± 0.8 K at a specific location .
Temperature Profile from Galileo Probe
The Galileo probe provided detailed measurements of Jupiter's atmospheric temperatures during its descent. The temperature ranged from -144°C at the top of the ammonia-cloud-covered atmosphere to +152°C at 600 km into the atmosphere . These measurements highlight the extreme temperature variations within Jupiter's atmosphere, influenced by both altitude and atmospheric dynamics.
Implications for Atmospheric Structure
The temperature profiles obtained from various missions have significant implications for understanding Jupiter's atmospheric structure. For instance, the temperature near the 0.1 bar pressure level ranges from 108 to 117 K, depending on the assumed thermal structure . Additionally, the presence of clouds and their impact on radiative transport play a crucial role in shaping the thermal structure of Jupiter's atmosphere .
Conclusion
Jupiter's temperature range is vast, spanning from extremely cold temperatures in the upper atmosphere to very high temperatures in the exosphere. Effective temperature measurements provide a baseline for understanding the planet's thermal emission, while detailed atmospheric profiles from missions like Galileo and Voyager offer insights into the complex thermal dynamics at various altitudes. These findings are essential for refining models of Jupiter's atmospheric structure and composition.
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