L ascorbic acid serum
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L-Ascorbic Acid Serum: Efficacy, Measurement, and Applications
Introduction to L-Ascorbic Acid Serum
L-ascorbic acid, commonly known as vitamin C, is a vital nutrient with numerous health benefits. It is widely used in skincare products, particularly serums, due to its antioxidant properties and its role in collagen synthesis. This article explores the efficacy of L-ascorbic acid serum in treating photo-aged skin, various methods for its determination in human serum, and its distribution in biological tissues.
Efficacy of L-Ascorbic Acid Serum in Treating Photo-Aged Skin
Topical Application and Skin Improvement
L-ascorbic acid has been extensively studied for its effectiveness in treating photo-aged skin. A study involving 20 Chinese women demonstrated that a 23.8% L-ascorbic acid serum significantly improved skin conditions such as dyspigmentation, surface roughness, and fine lines. The treatment was applied once daily for two weeks using iontophoresis on one side of the face, while the other side served as a control. Results showed that 80% of participants experienced a notable improvement in their skin condition, and 75% rated their satisfaction as excellent or good, with no significant side effects reported2.
Methods for Determining L-Ascorbic Acid in Serum
Chemiluminescence-Based Detection
A chemiluminescence (CL) method has been developed for the determination of L-ascorbic acid in human serum. This method utilizes the quenching effect of L-ascorbic acid on the luminescence intensity of a hydrogen peroxide-sodium hydrogen carbonate-CdSe/CdS quantum dots system. The CL intensity and L-ascorbic acid concentration showed a good linear relationship, with a detection limit of 6.7x10^-9 mol/L. This method has been successfully applied to real serum samples, demonstrating high precision and accuracy1.
Enzymatic Spectrophotometry
Another method involves the use of ascorbate oxidase in an enzymatic spectrophotometric assay. This technique measures the absorbance of a reaction product formed by the reduction of a ferric ion complex. By comparing the absorbance of treated and untreated samples, the concentration of L-ascorbic acid can be determined. This method is specific, does not require deproteinization, and has shown a high correlation with other established methods3.
Amperometric Detection with Immobilized Ascorbate Oxidase
A sensitive flow system using an immobilized ascorbate oxidase reactor has been described for the determination of L-ascorbic acid in serum. This method is based on the amperometric detection of oxygen consumption during the oxidation of L-ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid. The addition of dithiothreitol (DTT) stabilizes the ascorbic acid and enhances the detection signal, making this method highly sensitive and reliable4.
Liquid Chromatography
Liquid chromatography (LC) has been employed to separate and quantify L-ascorbic acid in various biological samples, including human serum. This method uses a polymer-coated silica-based NH2 column and has been shown to be accurate and precise, with broad applicability across different sample matrices5.
Distribution of L-Ascorbic Acid in Biological Tissues
Tissue Equilibration and Distribution
Studies on the distribution of L-ascorbic acid in rats have shown that the vitamin equilibrates slowly in various tissues when injected. Dehydroascorbic acid, the oxidized form, penetrates tissues more rapidly than L-ascorbic acid. The kidney plays a significant role in the distribution by oxidizing ascorbic acid to its non-ionic form, facilitating tissue penetration7 8.
Genetic Influence on Circulating Levels
Genetic variations at the SLC23A1 locus have been associated with circulating concentrations of L-ascorbic acid. A study involving over 15,000 participants identified a specific genetic variant (rs33972313) that significantly affects L-ascorbic acid levels in the blood. This finding has important implications for understanding the genetic factors influencing vitamin C metabolism and its health outcomes9.
Conclusion
L-ascorbic acid serum is effective in treating photo-aged skin, offering significant improvements in skin texture and appearance. Various methods for determining L-ascorbic acid in serum, including chemiluminescence, enzymatic spectrophotometry, amperometric detection, and liquid chromatography, provide accurate and reliable measurements. Understanding the distribution and genetic factors influencing L-ascorbic acid levels can further enhance its therapeutic applications.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Determination of L-ascorbic acid in human serum by chemiluminescence based on hydrogen peroxide-sodium hydrogen carbonate-CdSe/CdS quantum dots system.
This study developed a flow injection chemiluminescence analysis system for determining L-ascorbic acid in human serum, with a linear relationship between CL intensity and L-ascorbic acid concentration, and a 6.7x10(-9)molL(-1) limit of detection.
Highly CitedSplit-face study of topical 23.8% L-ascorbic acid serum in treating photo-aged skin.
Topical 23.8% L-ascorbic acid serum effectively treats photo-aged skin and does not cause obvious side effects.
Non-RCTSpecific spectrophotometry of ascorbic acid in serum or plasma by use of ascorbate oxidase.
The proposed method is a specific and nondeproteinization method for quantifying ascorbic acid in serum or plasma, using ascorbate oxidase for oxidation and measuring the absorbance at 593 nm.
Highly CitedDetermination of L-Ascorbic Acid in Serum with Immobilized Ascorbate Oxidase Reactor
The immobilized ascorbate oxidase reactor method effectively determines L-ascorbic acid in serum samples, with a sensitive flow system and increased signal enhancement when using dithiotreithol (DTT).
Liquid chromatographic measurement of L-ascorbic acid and D-ascorbic acid in biological samples.
This study demonstrates that liquid chromatography accurately separates L-ascorbic acid from D-ascorbic acid in biological samples, with broad application and no dependence on the nature of the matrices evaluated.
Ascorbate Oxidase-Based Amperometric Biosensor for l-Ascorbic Acid Determination in Beverages.
The novel biosensor developed using ascorbate oxidase enzyme from Cucurbita sp. effectively determines l-ascorbic acid in beverages, with a linear measuring range between 5 and 150 mol/L.
Studies on the distribution of L-ascorbic acid in the rat.
Ascorbic acid enters tissues as dehydroascorbic acid, with the kidney playing a role in its distribution by oxidizing it to an easily penetrable form.
Non-RCT
Animal StudySTUDIES ON THE TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF ASCORBIC ACID
Ascorbic acid rapidly moves from the serum to tissues like adrenal, kidney, and liver, while eye, muscle, testis, and brain slowly equilibrate with serum levels.
Non-RCTAnimal StudyGenetic variation at the SLC23A1 locus is associated with circulating concentrations of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C): evidence from 5 independent studies with >15,000 participants.
A genetic variant (rs33972313) in the SLC23A1 vitamin C active transporter locus is associated with circulating concentrations of L-ascorbic acid in the general population, potentially impacting health outcomes.
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