Lactobacillus acidophilus
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The Multifaceted Benefits of Lactobacillus acidophilus
Introduction to Lactobacillus acidophilus
Lactobacillus acidophilus is a well-known probiotic bacterium, widely recognized for its beneficial effects on human and animal health. Originally isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract, this bacterium has undergone numerous taxonomic revisions and is now a type species within the diverse Lactobacillus genus. Its commercial success and extensive use in functional foods and dietary supplements underscore its importance in promoting health.
Lactobacillus acidophilus in Aquaculture
Enhancing Immune Parameters and Growth in Fish
Lactobacillus acidophilus has shown significant benefits when used as a dietary supplement in aquaculture. In a study on black swordtail fish, dietary L. acidophilus improved skin mucosal immune parameters, increased intestinal microbiota diversity, and enhanced stress resistance and growth performance. Fish fed with L. acidophilus exhibited higher antibacterial activity in skin mucus, elevated protein levels, and increased alkaline phosphatase activity compared to the control group. These findings suggest that L. acidophilus can be a valuable addition to fish diets to promote overall health and resilience.
Lactobacillus acidophilus in Human Health
Managing Acute Gastroenteritis in Children
Lactobacillus acidophilus has been investigated for its potential to manage acute gastroenteritis in children. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) revealed that L. acidophilus, particularly at doses ≥ 10^9 CFU, can reduce the duration and frequency of diarrhea in children with acute gastroenteritis. This probiotic strain was effective across different geographic regions, highlighting its broad applicability in pediatric health.
Addressing Lactose Intolerance
Lactose intolerance, a common disorder of carbohydrate digestion, has also been a target for L. acidophilus intervention. In a randomized trial, the strain Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 was tested for its ability to alleviate symptoms of lactose intolerance. Although the study did not find significant changes in breath-hydrogen excretion or symptom scores after probiotic ingestion, it highlighted the potential for L. acidophilus to survive gastrointestinal transit and be recovered in stool samples. Further research is needed to fully understand its role in managing lactose intolerance.
Immune Regulation
Lactobacillus acidophilus has demonstrated a strong capacity for immune regulation. Meta-analyses of RCTs have shown that this bacterium can modulate immune responses, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for various immune-related conditions. Its ability to influence immune parameters underscores its importance as a probiotic with multifaceted health benefits.
Genomic Insights and Probiotic Functionality
Complete Genome Sequence
The complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM has provided valuable insights into its probiotic functionality. The genome, devoid of plasmids, contains numerous genes associated with carbohydrate transport, protein degradation, and adhesion to intestinal cells. These genetic features contribute to the bacterium's ability to survive in the gastrointestinal tract and interact with the host's microbiota, enhancing its probiotic efficacy.
Inhibiting Pathogenic Biofilms
Lactobacillus acidophilus has also been studied for its ability to inhibit biofilm formation by pathogens such as Candida albicans. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that L. acidophilus can prevent biofilm formation and filamentation of C. albicans, as well as protect against candidiasis in infection models. This highlights its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent.
Conclusion
Lactobacillus acidophilus is a versatile probiotic with a wide range of health benefits. From enhancing immune parameters and growth in aquaculture to managing acute gastroenteritis and lactose intolerance in humans, this bacterium plays a crucial role in promoting health. Its well-characterized genome and ability to inhibit pathogenic biofilms further underscore its importance as a probiotic. Continued research and clinical validation will help to fully harness the potential of L. acidophilus in various health applications.
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