List of psychotic disorders
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List of Psychotic Disorders
Overview of Psychotic Disorders
Psychotic disorders are severe mental health conditions characterized by a disconnection from reality, often manifesting through hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. These disorders are highly disabling and contribute significantly to public health burdens due to their chronic nature and the associated social and economic costs 610.
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is one of the most well-known psychotic disorders, marked by profound disruptions in thought processes, perceptions, emotional responsiveness, and social interactions. It typically includes symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive impairments 67.
Schizoaffective Disorder
Schizoaffective disorder is characterized by symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorders (either bipolar disorder or depression). This disorder involves episodes of psychosis along with mood disorder symptoms, making it a complex condition to diagnose and treat 67.
Schizophreniform Disorder
Schizophreniform disorder shares symptoms with schizophrenia but is distinguished by its duration. Symptoms last for at least one month but less than six months, after which the diagnosis may be re-evaluated .
Brief Psychotic Disorder and Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders
Brief Psychotic Disorder (BPD)
Brief psychotic disorder is characterized by a sudden onset of psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech or behavior, lasting more than one day but less than one month, with eventual full return to the premorbid level of functioning. This disorder is more prevalent in women and often triggered by significant stress 14.
Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders (ATPD)
Acute and transient psychotic disorders, as classified in ICD-10, include conditions like bouffée délirante, cycloid psychosis, and reactive psychosis. These disorders are marked by a rapid onset of psychotic symptoms and a relatively short duration, often resolving within a few months. They are more common in females and tend to recur, with a significant proportion of cases transitioning to schizophrenia or affective disorders 24.
Delusional Disorder
Delusional disorder is characterized by the presence of one or more delusions for at least one month. Unlike schizophrenia, delusional disorder does not typically involve hallucinations or significant impairments in functioning outside the impact of the delusions .
Substance-Induced and Medically Induced Psychotic Disorders
These disorders are caused by the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., drugs, toxins) or a medical condition. Symptoms can include hallucinations and delusions, and the diagnosis is contingent on the temporal relationship between substance use or medical condition and the onset of psychotic symptoms .
Classification and Diagnostic Challenges
The classification of psychotic disorders has evolved over time, with significant changes in the DSM-5 and the upcoming ICD-11. The DSM-5 has moved towards a dimensional approach, eliminating subtypes of schizophrenia and focusing on symptom severity. The ICD-11 is expected to align closely with these changes, although some differences will remain 78.
Conclusion
Psychotic disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying symptoms, durations, and prognoses. Understanding these disorders' classifications and diagnostic criteria is crucial for effective treatment and management. Ongoing research and revisions in diagnostic manuals aim to improve the accuracy and utility of these classifications, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.
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