List subatomic particles
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
List of Subatomic Particles
Subatomic particles are the fundamental constituents of matter, smaller than atoms, and they play a crucial role in the structure and behavior of the universe. These particles can be broadly categorized into elementary particles and composite particles.
Elementary Particles
Quarks and Leptons
Elementary particles are not composed of other particles. The most well-known elementary particles include quarks and leptons. Quarks combine to form protons and neutrons, while leptons include electrons, muons, and neutrinos .
- Quarks: There are six types of quarks, known as flavors: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. Quarks are never found in isolation but combine to form composite particles such as protons and neutrons .
- Leptons: Leptons include the electron, muon, tau, and their corresponding neutrinos. Electrons are fundamental components of atoms, while muons and tau particles are heavier and less stable .
Gauge Bosons
Gauge bosons are force-carrying particles that mediate the fundamental forces of nature.
- Photon: The photon is the quantum of electromagnetic radiation and mediates the electromagnetic force .
- W and Z Bosons: These particles mediate the weak nuclear force, which is responsible for radioactive decay .
- Gluon: Gluons mediate the strong nuclear force, which holds quarks together within protons and neutrons .
- Graviton: Hypothetical particle that would mediate the force of gravity, though it has not been observed experimentally .
Higgs Boson
The Higgs boson is associated with the Higgs field, which gives mass to other particles through the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking .
Composite Particles
Composite particles are made up of elementary particles bound together.
Hadrons
Hadrons are particles made of quarks held together by the strong force. They are further classified into baryons and mesons.
- Baryons: Baryons are composed of three quarks. The most well-known baryons are protons and neutrons, which make up the atomic nucleus .
- Mesons: Mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. They are involved in mediating the strong force between baryons .
Micra Particles
A theoretical concept introduced in recent research, micra particles are proposed to be chargeless particles present in the atomic nucleus, acting as an "energy house" or "power house" of an atom .
Theoretical Particles
Tamaids and Bachs
Recent theoretical models have proposed the existence of tamaids and bachs as fundamental constituents of subatomic particles. Tamaids are small particles with a mass of approximately 26 MeV, while bachs are even smaller with a mass of 0.3263 MeV 123.
Conclusion
Subatomic particles, both elementary and composite, form the building blocks of matter and mediate the fundamental forces of nature. Understanding these particles and their interactions is essential for comprehending the structure and behavior of the universe. Theoretical models continue to evolve, proposing new particles and mechanisms that challenge and expand our current knowledge.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic