Low blood pressure causes and symptoms
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Causes of Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension)
Low blood pressure, or hypotension, is defined as blood pressure readings consistently below 90/60 mm Hg. The causes of low blood pressure are varied and can include dehydration, certain medications, underlying medical conditions, and functional disorders. In some cases, low blood pressure may be a result of specific types such as orthostatic hypotension (drop in blood pressure when standing), postprandial hypotension (after eating), or neurally mediated hypotension (due to miscommunication between the heart and brain) . Sometimes, chronic low blood pressure can exist without any clear underlying disease, and not all cases are linked to a specific cause .
Common Symptoms of Low Blood Pressure
Tiredness, Dizziness, and Faintness
Several studies have found that people with low blood pressure often report symptoms such as persistent tiredness, dizziness, and feeling faint. These symptoms are especially common in women under 50 and can persist even after accounting for other factors like age, medication use, and physical illness 13. Dizziness and unexplained tiredness are particularly associated with low systolic blood pressure in both men and women .
Headaches, Palpitations, and Fatigue
Other symptoms that may be reported include headaches, palpitations, and general fatigue. However, the link between low blood pressure and headaches or palpitations may be influenced by other factors such as age, and not all studies find a direct connection 16. Fatigue and loss of energy are also commonly reported, but these symptoms may sometimes be due to other causes rather than low blood pressure itself 47.
Depressive Symptoms and Mood Changes
There is evidence that low blood pressure is associated with depressive symptoms and minor psychological dysfunction. Studies in both general and older populations have found that people with low blood pressure are more likely to report symptoms of depression and low mood, even after adjusting for other health and lifestyle factors 3567. This association is seen in both those treated for hypertension and those who are not .
Symptom Prevalence and Gender Differences
Symptoms related to low blood pressure, such as tiredness, dizziness, and depressive mood, are common in the general population, especially among women. In population studies, a significant proportion of women with low blood pressure report fatigue and depressive symptoms 17. However, not everyone with low blood pressure experiences symptoms, and some people remain asymptomatic despite having chronically low readings .
Conclusion
Low blood pressure can be caused by a range of factors, including dehydration, medications, and underlying health conditions, but sometimes it occurs without a clear cause. The most common symptoms are tiredness, dizziness, feeling faint, and sometimes depressive mood or fatigue. These symptoms are more frequently reported by women and may be linked to psychological as well as physical factors. Not all individuals with low blood pressure experience symptoms, and in many cases, treatment is not necessary unless the symptoms are severe or linked to an underlying condition 1234567.
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