Medications That Cause Sun Sensitivity

Introduction to Drug-Induced Photosensitivity

Drug-induced photosensitivity is a significant adverse effect where certain medications cause the skin to become more sensitive to sunlight, leading to reactions that can range from mild sunburn to severe dermatitis. These reactions are typically classified into two types: phototoxic and photoallergic. Phototoxic reactions are more common and occur when a drug absorbs UV light and releases it into the skin, causing damage. Photoallergic reactions, on the other hand, involve the immune system and are less common but can be more severe .

Common Medications Causing Photosensitivity

Antibiotics and Antimicrobials

Several antibiotics are known to cause photosensitivity. Tetracyclines, including doxycycline and tetracycline, are among the most frequently implicated. These drugs can cause both phototoxic and photoallergic reactions, making it essential for patients to take precautions when exposed to sunlight . Additionally, quinolones and sulfonamides have also been reported to cause similar reactions.

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

NSAIDs, such as ketoprofen, naproxen, and piroxicam, are commonly used for pain and inflammation but can lead to photosensitivity. Ketoprofen, in particular, is known to cause photoallergic dermatitis, a condition where the immune system reacts to the drug upon exposure to sunlight . Patients using these medications should be advised to avoid sun exposure and use adequate sun protection.

Cardiovascular Drugs

Amiodarone, a medication used to treat arrhythmias, is another drug with a high potential for causing photosensitivity. This drug can lead to both phototoxic and photoallergic reactions, necessitating careful monitoring and preventive measures for patients .

Antifungals

Voriconazole, an antifungal medication, has been consistently implicated in causing photosensitivity. Patients on this medication should be informed about the risks and advised to take preventive measures against sun exposure .

Oral Contraceptives

Oral contraceptives, particularly those containing estrogen, have been reported to cause sunlight sensitivity. This can manifest as eruptions similar to polymorphic light eruption, a condition characterized by itchy red rashes on sun-exposed areas of the skin.

Anticancer Medications

Certain anticancer medications, including BRAF kinase inhibitors (vemurafenib, dabrafenib) and EGFR inhibitors, have been associated with photosensitivity. These drugs can cause severe skin reactions upon exposure to sunlight, making it crucial for patients to use sun protection and avoid direct sunlight.

Immunosuppressants

Thiopurines, such as azathioprine, are used as immunosuppressants and are known to increase sun sensitivity. These drugs can cause extensive DNA damage when exposed to UVA light, leading to a higher risk of skin cancer.

Prevention and Management

The primary strategy for managing drug-induced photosensitivity is prevention. Patients should be informed about the potential for increased sun sensitivity and advised to use sun protective measures, such as wearing protective clothing and using broad-spectrum sunscreens. In cases where photosensitivity reactions occur, discontinuation of the culprit medication may be necessary, along with treatment using corticosteroids to manage the skin reaction .

Conclusion

Drug-induced photosensitivity is a significant concern for patients on various medications, including antibiotics, NSAIDs, cardiovascular drugs, antifungals, oral contraceptives, anticancer medications, and immunosuppressants. Awareness and preventive measures are crucial in managing this condition and minimizing adverse effects. Patients should be educated about the risks and advised to take appropriate precautions to protect their skin from sun exposure.

Medications that cause sun sensitivity

Summary

Not a yes or no question