Metformin er 1000 mg
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Metformin ER 1000 mg: Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Clinical Applications
Pharmacokinetics of Metformin ER 1000 mg
Metformin extended-release (ER) 1000 mg is designed to provide a consistent and predictable increase in metformin exposure. A study involving healthy male volunteers demonstrated that the pharmacokinetics of metformin ER are dose-proportional across a range of 1000 to 2500 mg. The study found that the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) increased predictably with higher doses, indicating a reliable pharmacokinetic profile for metformin ER.
Efficacy in Glycemic Control
Comparison with Immediate-Release Formulation
A head-to-head trial comparing metformin ER 2000 mg once daily with metformin immediate-release (IR) 1000 mg twice daily in patients with type 2 diabetes showed similar efficacy in reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Both formulations resulted in comparable reductions in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and mean daily glucose (MDG), with a similar percentage of patients achieving HbA1c levels below 7% after 24 weeks. This suggests that metformin ER offers the convenience of once-daily dosing without compromising glycemic control.
Long-Term Benefits
In a separate study, metformin ER was shown to maintain glycemic control over a 24-week period, with systemic exposure comparable to that of metformin IR. The time to maximum plasma concentration was longer for metformin ER, which may contribute to its sustained effect.
Clinical Applications Beyond Diabetes
Cognitive Impairment
Metformin has been explored for its potential benefits in cognitive impairment. A pilot study involving patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) found that metformin 1000 mg twice daily was generally well-tolerated and showed some promise in improving cognitive function, as measured by the Selective Reminding Test (SRT). However, further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Cancer Treatment
Metformin has also been investigated for its potential antineoplastic effects. A phase 2 trial in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer found that adding metformin to standard chemotherapy did not improve overall survival. The study concluded that conventional doses of metformin might not be effective in this context, suggesting the need for further research with more potent formulations or in specific patient subgroups.
Metabolic Abnormalities in Schizophrenia
In patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine, metformin 1000 mg/day was effective in reducing body weight and body mass index (BMI) over a 12-week period. This suggests that metformin can help manage metabolic side effects associated with antipsychotic medications.
Hormonal Modulation in Breast Cancer
Metformin has been shown to reduce serum levels of insulin and testosterone in non-diabetic women with breast cancer. A study found that a dose of 1000 mg/day was effective in lowering these hormones, which are linked to breast cancer prognosis .
Conclusion
Metformin ER 1000 mg offers a reliable and effective option for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, with the added convenience of once-daily dosing. Its potential benefits extend beyond diabetes management, showing promise in cognitive impairment, cancer treatment, and managing metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia. However, further research is needed to fully understand its efficacy and safety in these additional applications.
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