Mortality risk of panic attacks
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Mortality Risk of Panic Attacks: All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Suicide
All-Cause Mortality Risk in Panic Disorder and Panic Attacks
Research shows that people with panic disorder or frequent panic attacks have a slightly increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to the general population. This risk is especially pronounced in those with comorbid substance use disorders, which further raises the risk of both natural and unnatural deaths, including suicide and accidents . However, some studies suggest that the overall increase in natural death (such as from disease) is minimal or not significant .
Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity Associated with Panic Attacks
Several studies have found a link between panic attacks or panic disorder and increased risk of cardiovascular events, such as coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (heart attack), and stroke 1258. The risk is particularly higher in younger individuals under 50 years old, who show a greater incidence of heart attacks and CHD after the onset of panic attacks . In postmenopausal women, panic attacks are associated with a higher risk of both fatal and nonfatal heart attacks and strokes, as well as increased all-cause mortality .
Despite these findings, the evidence for increased cardiovascular mortality (death from heart disease) is mixed. Some studies report a slightly reduced or unchanged risk of CHD-related mortality in people with panic attacks, especially in older adults . Other research, particularly in men, suggests an increased risk of death from cardiovascular causes, but these findings are less consistent and sometimes based on small sample sizes 3567. Reviews highlight that while panic disorder may contribute to sudden cardiac death, the exact mechanisms and the strength of this association remain uncertain 48.
Suicide Risk in Panic Disorder and Panic Attacks
The most consistent and significant increase in mortality among people with panic disorder or frequent panic attacks is due to suicide. Studies show that individuals with panic disorder have a much higher risk of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts compared to those without psychiatric disorders or with other psychiatric conditions 910. Suicide accounts for a substantial proportion of deaths in this population, and the risk is especially high in women and those with additional psychiatric or substance use disorders 9710.
Summary and Clinical Implications
In summary, panic attacks and panic disorder are linked to a modestly increased risk of all-cause mortality, with the most pronounced risks being suicide and, to a lesser extent, cardiovascular events—especially in younger people and men 123567910. The risk of death from natural causes (like heart disease) is less clear and may not be significantly elevated overall, but the risk of unnatural death, particularly suicide, is clearly higher. These findings highlight the importance of careful assessment and targeted interventions for suicide prevention and substance use in people with panic disorder or frequent panic attacks 910.
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