Most common cancers
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Most Common Cancers: A Global Perspective
Global Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates
Lung Cancer: Leading Cause of Cancer Deaths
Lung cancer remains the most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. In 1990, lung cancer accounted for 18% of cancers in men globally and 21% in men from developed countries. By 2008, it was responsible for 1.61 million new cases and 1.38 million deaths, making it the most common and deadliest cancer. In 2020, lung cancer continued to be the top cause of cancer death with 1.79 million deaths.
Breast Cancer: Most Common Among Women
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women. In 1990, it accounted for 21% of all cancers in women. By 2008, there were 1.38 million new cases, making it the second most common cancer overall. In 2020, breast cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide with 2.26 million new cases.
Stomach Cancer: High Incidence and Mortality
Stomach cancer was the second most common cancer globally in 1990, representing almost 10% of all new cancer cases. In 2008, it caused 738,000 deaths, making it the second leading cause of cancer death. However, its incidence has been declining over the years.
Prostate Cancer: Common in Men
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. In 2020, it was the third most commonly diagnosed cancer with 1.41 million new cases. It is projected to remain a leading cancer diagnosis in the coming years.
Colorectal Cancer: Significant Global Burden
Colorectal cancer is another major cancer type, with 1.23 million new cases in 2008, making it the third most common cancer globally. It was also among the top cancers in 1990 and 2002 .
Regional Variations in Cancer Types
Developed vs. Developing Countries
There are notable differences in cancer incidence between developed and developing countries. In developed regions, the most common cancers include lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers. In contrast, developing countries see higher incidences of cervical and esophageal cancers.
Specific Regional Insights
In India, the most common cancers are breast, uterine cervix, and oral cancers, accounting for about 34% of all cancer cases. These cancers are detectable at early stages, emphasizing the importance of effective screening and early detection programs.
Future Projections and Emerging Trends
Rising Incidence of Thyroid, Liver, and Pancreas Cancers
Projections indicate that by 2030, thyroid cancer will become the fourth leading cancer diagnosis in the United States, surpassing colorectal cancer. Additionally, liver and pancreas cancers are expected to become the second and third leading causes of cancer-related deaths, respectively, overtaking breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers.
Genetic Components in Common Cancers
Recent studies have shown that many common cancers, previously considered sporadic, have significant genetic components. For instance, prostate, ovarian, and esophageal cancers exhibit notable heritability, highlighting the role of genetic variants in cancer susceptibility.
Conclusion
The landscape of common cancers is continually evolving, with lung, breast, and colorectal cancers remaining predominant globally. Regional variations and emerging trends underscore the need for tailored cancer control strategies. Advances in screening, prevention, and treatment, along with a deeper understanding of genetic factors, are crucial for reducing the global cancer burden.
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