Nuclear quantum physics
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Advances in Nuclear Quantum Physics
Quantum Monte Carlo Methods in Nuclear Physics
Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods have become essential tools for studying the structure and reactions of light nuclei and nucleonic matter. These ab-initio calculations are based on realistic nuclear interactions and currents, allowing for the accurate reproduction of low-lying states, moments, and transitions in light nuclei. QMC methods also predict various properties of light nuclei and neutron matter across a wide range of energies and momenta. These methods incorporate spin-isospin, tensor, spin-orbit, and three-body interactions, providing a coherent picture of nuclear structure and dynamics.
Nuclear-Electronic Orbital (NEO) Method
The Nuclear-Electronic Orbital (NEO) method integrates electronic and nuclear quantum effects by treating specified nuclei, typically hydrogen nuclei, on the same level as electrons. This approach incorporates nuclear quantum effects such as delocalization, anharmonicity, zero-point energy, and tunneling, as well as non-Born-Oppenheimer effects. NEO methods, including NEO-DFT and NEO-TDDFT, balance computational efficiency and accuracy for ground and excited state properties. Advanced methods like NEO-CCSD and NEO-EOM-CCSD offer high accuracy without parametrization but are computationally intensive. These methods are crucial for accurately describing hydrogen tunneling processes and other multicomponent systems .
Quantum Transport Theory of Nuclear Matter
Quantum transport theory, using the Keldysh Green's function formalism, describes non-equilibrium processes in nuclear matter and nucleus-nucleus collisions. This theory proposes a general transport equation that includes energy spreading effects and addresses non-equilibrium versions of many-body theories for equilibrated nuclear matter. Special emphasis is placed on Brueckner-type approaches and the challenge of complying with conservation laws. The formalism also extends to relativistic scenarios, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding nuclear matter dynamics.
High-Energy Nuclear Physics and Quantum Computing
Simulating high-energy nuclear physics, which involves quarks and gluons, is challenging with classical computers. Quantum computing offers a promising solution for these simulations. Recent advances in quantum algorithms, such as state preparation and measurements of light-cone correlation functions, demonstrate the potential of quantum computing in solving real-time evolution and sign problems in high-energy nuclear physics. These advancements highlight the advantages of quantum computing for studying hadronic scattering amplitudes and the phase structure of finite-temperature and finite-density matter .
Computational Nuclear Physics
The link between relativistic quantum field theories and low-energy hadronic physics remains uncertain, posing significant computational challenges. The basic interacting neutron-proton model and its extensions, such as the shell model and time-dependent Hartree-Fock description, require sophisticated mathematical models and substantial computational resources. These models are essential for extracting detailed predictions and understanding nuclear spectroscopy and collisions.
Conclusion
Nuclear quantum physics encompasses a wide range of methods and approaches, from Quantum Monte Carlo methods and the Nuclear-Electronic Orbital method to quantum transport theory and quantum computing. These advancements provide deeper insights into nuclear structure, reactions, and high-energy phenomena, highlighting the importance of integrating quantum effects and leveraging computational power to address complex nuclear physics problems.
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