Origin of energy in the big bang theory
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Big Bang Theory Energy Origin: Singularity, Zero Point Energy, and Cosmic Fields
Singularity and Mass-Energy Concentration in the Big Bang
The Big Bang theory proposes that the universe began from an extremely dense and hot singularity, where all mass and energy were concentrated in a single point before expanding rapidly. This singularity is considered the starting point for the universe's energy and matter, with the total energy of the cosmos potentially being zero due to the balance between positive mass-energy and negative gravitational energy.
Zero Point Energy as a Source for the Big Bang
Some research suggests that zero point energy, which exists throughout the universe at all frequencies up to the Planck frequency, could be the origin of the energy in the Big Bang. Calculations indicate that the combination of zero point energy waves could create a colossal energy source, similar to the singularity described in the Hot Big Bang theory. This idea is supported by experimental evidence of zero point energy effects, such as the Casimir effect.
The Role of Cosmic Microwave Background and Heat Ocean
Another perspective considers the universe as a closed system, similar to a massive black hole, where all energy and matter are confined. In this view, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation is seen as equilibrium radiation within this closed universe, acting as a "heat ocean" that dominates the universe's energy content. Over time, matter and energy cycle through black holes and eventually re-gather, potentially leading to repeated big bang events as energy accumulates and surpasses a threshold.
Photonic and Field-Based Models
Some models focus on the role of photons and energy fields at the universe's origin. The Big Bang is described as the creation of pure energy, with matter itself being a form of energy according to the mass-energy equivalence principle. The expansion and evolution of the universe are linked to the behavior of primeval photons and the decay of their energy, as well as the influence of gravitational waves and surrounding fields46.
Source and Sink Theory and Conservation of Energy Flow
Alternative theories, such as the Source and Sink Theory, propose that the Big Bang represents a "source" of energy, which must be balanced by a corresponding "sink." This flow pattern, observed in many natural systems, suggests that the energy released at the Big Bang flows toward a sink, possibly explaining cosmic expansion and the presence of dark energy.
Dark Energy, Dark Matter, and New Physics
Some recent models introduce new concepts, such as "nonluminous" black photons and the need for new physical laws to explain the conversion between dark energy and dark matter. These models attempt to resolve the singularity and provide explanations for the origins of gravity, dark energy, and dark matter, which are not fully addressed by current physics57.
Conclusion
The origin of energy in the Big Bang theory is explained through several interconnected ideas: the initial singularity containing all mass-energy, the possible role of zero point energy, the cycling of energy within a closed universe, and the influence of photons and cosmic fields. While traditional models focus on the singularity and mass-energy equivalence, newer theories explore zero point energy, energy flow patterns, and the need for new physics to explain dark energy and dark matter. Despite different approaches, all models aim to address how the immense energy required for the Big Bang could have originated and how it continues to shape the universe.
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