Particle mass
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers for "particle mass"
Understanding Particle Mass: Key Insights from Recent Research
Mass-Mobility Relationship in Atmospheric Particles
The relationship between mass and mobility in atmospheric particles is crucial for determining particle density. A novel technique has been developed to measure this relationship, particularly for spherical particles, where it can accurately determine particle density within approximately 5%1. For nonspherical particles, the relationship is influenced by both density and dynamic shape factors, necessitating additional information to determine either parameter. This technique was applied to urban aerosols in Atlanta, revealing that particles of a given mobility often have distinct masses, with the most abundant mass consisting of spherical hygroscopic particles1.
Digital Image Processing for Particle Size Distribution
A mass model has been developed to estimate particle size distribution using digital image processing, converting size distribution data into mass-wise distribution. This method introduces the weight/particle ratio for mass reconstruction from 2D images of particle aggregates. The model shows that particle sieve-size is strongly dependent on shape parameters, with minor axis providing an accurate estimate of particle sieve-size2. This approach offers a time-efficient and accurate alternative to traditional mechanical sieving, achieving up to 99% accuracy in mass-wise particle size distribution2.
Atomic Definition of Particle Mass
A proposal for defining particle mass using de Broglie frequency has been put forward, suggesting that mass be measured as (c^2 / \lambda \gamma v), where (\lambda) is the mean de Broglie wavelength, and (\gamma) is the Lorentz factor3. This method avoids the use of arbitrary macroscopic standards like the prototype kilogram and does not require a specific particle as a mass standard, providing a more fundamental and precise definition of mass3.
Mass of Elementary Particles
The mass of elementary particles, such as protons and electrons, can be described by a quadratic equation involving Planck's constant and the cosmological constant4. Additionally, the quantization of elementary particle masses has been attributed to the dynamics of internal space-time variables, leading to a quantized mass formula that aligns with the principles of reciprocity and relativistic covariance5. This theoretical framework provides a deeper understanding of the fundamental properties of particle masses.
Correlation Between Particle Mass and Number
Establishing a correlation between particle mass (or mass concentration) and particle number (or number concentration) is a challenging task due to varying measurement methods and conditions. However, it is noted that particle density, often assumed to be 1 g/cm³, is a constant parameter that influences this relationship. The density tends to decrease with increasing particle diameter, highlighting the complexity of correlating mass and number concentrations6.
Higher-Dimensional Theories and Variable Particle Masses
Explorations into higher-dimensional theories, such as the generalization of the Klein-Gordon equation, suggest that particle masses may be variable in higher dimensions. However, for specific cases like the Schwarzschild and late-universe scenarios, particle masses remain constant, consistent with observational data from the solar system and astrophysics7. These findings have significant implications for cosmology and theoretical physics.
Calculating Particle Mass Ratios
Research has shown that the masses of elementary particles can be calculated using fundamental constants such as Planck's constant, the fine structure constant, and the base of natural logarithms. These calculations yield values that are in good agreement with known experimental values8. Additionally, specific mass ratios for particles like protons, neutrons, muons, and pions have been calculated with high precision, demonstrating the accuracy of these theoretical models9 10.
Conclusion
Recent advancements in measuring and defining particle mass have provided deeper insights into the fundamental properties of particles. From novel techniques in atmospheric particle analysis to theoretical frameworks for elementary particle masses, these studies contribute significantly to our understanding of particle physics. The development of accurate models and definitions continues to enhance our ability to measure and interpret particle mass across various scientific domains.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
The Relationship between Mass and Mobility for Atmospheric Particles: A New Technique for Measuring Particle Density
This study presents a new technique for measuring particle density in atmospheric aerosols, enabling accurate determination of spherical particle densities within 5%.
Highly CitedDevelopment of a mass model in estimating weight-wise particle size distribution using digital image processing
The mass model developed in this paper accurately estimates mass-wise particle size distribution using digital image processing, making it a time-efficient alternative to mechanical sieving.
Proposal for an absolute, atomic definition of mass.
The mass of a particle can be defined by its de Broglie frequency, eliminating the need for arbitrary macroscopic standards and requiring no specific particle as a mass standard.
The masses of the proton and electron
The mass of elementary particles (proton and electron) is given by the quadratic equation 10 m 2 -136 mm + m 2 = 0, m = h / 2 c N/, where N is the number of such particles in the universe, and is the cosmic
QUANTIZATION OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLE MASSES
The quantization of elementary particles is attributed to the dynamics described by internal space-time variables and their corresponding 4-momentsa, leading to a quantized mass formula and revealing some basic properties of a bilocal field associated with elementary particles.
The Relationship between Particle Mass and Particle Number
Particle mass concentration can be correlated with particle number, but the relationship between particle mass and particle number is not well established due to various measurement methods and conditions.
On the Klein–Gordon Equation in Higher Dimensions: Are Particle Masses Variable?
Particle masses are generally variable in higher dimensions, but constant for the Schwarzschild and late-universe cases, in agreement with solar system and astrophysics data.
Particle Mass-Formulae
The masses of muon, kaon, eta, and neutron fit a linear mass formula within an accuracy of 0.25 MeV, with the eta-prime / eta masses' ratio being a fraction of integers with high precision.
Particle Mass Ratios
This paper explains particle mass ratios and provides specific values for well-studied particles, with accuracies up to 2.4 parts per billion.
Preprint