Permanent tooth eruption timeline
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Permanent Tooth Eruption Timeline: Age Ranges and Sequence
Typical Age Ranges for Permanent Tooth Eruption
Most studies agree that the eruption of permanent teeth generally begins with the first molars or mandibular central incisors, typically around 6 to 7 years of age, and ends with the eruption of the second molars between 11 and 13 years old 1267910. For example, in a Peruvian indigenous population, the first molars erupted at about 6.98–6.99 years, and the last tooth to erupt was the upper second molar at 11.91 years . In Spanish children, the eruption occurred between 6.99 and 12.45 years in girls and 7.06 and 12.81 years in boys . Other studies found similar ranges, with the first permanent teeth erupting around 7 years and the last (second molars) around 11–13 years 279.
Sequence of Permanent Tooth Eruption
The most common sequence starts with the first molars and/or mandibular central incisors, followed by other incisors, first premolars, canines, second premolars, and finally the second molars 1267910. However, some populations show slight variations, such as the central incisor erupting before the first molar in certain groups 910. The sequence is generally similar between boys and girls, though girls tend to experience earlier eruption 1269.
Differences by Sex, Jaw, and Ethnicity
Girls typically experience earlier eruption of permanent teeth compared to boys 1269. Teeth in the lower jaw (mandible) usually erupt before those in the upper jaw (maxilla) 167. Ethnic and population differences exist, with some groups showing earlier or later eruption for specific teeth, and minor differences in the sequence, especially for canines and premolars 2347.
Bilateral and Individual Variability
Permanent teeth usually erupt simultaneously on both the right and left sides, with most contralateral teeth erupting within four months of each other 156. However, there is individual variability, and a delay of more than four months between contralateral teeth may indicate a problem . The sequence and timing can also be influenced by factors such as nutrition, genetics, socioeconomic status, and health conditions 23810.
Environmental and Health Factors
Nutritional status, genetic background, socioeconomic conditions, and systemic health can all affect the timing and sequence of permanent tooth eruption 23810. For example, children from higher socioeconomic backgrounds or with better nutrition may experience earlier eruption 210.
Conclusion
The eruption of permanent teeth typically starts around age 6 and is completed by age 13, with the first molars or mandibular central incisors erupting first and the second molars last. Girls and children in the lower jaw tend to experience earlier eruption. While the general sequence is consistent, there are notable variations by population, sex, and individual health factors. Regular dental check-ups are important to monitor eruption patterns and identify any deviations from the expected timeline.
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