Pharmaceutical capsule identification methods
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Laser Marking and Encrypted Identification for Pharmaceutical Capsules
One method for pharmaceutical capsule identification uses laser beam devices to create encrypted markings on the capsule surface. These laser-applied marks can serve as proof of origin or help determine the capsule’s contents, providing a secure and tamper-evident way to identify and authenticate capsules throughout the supply chain .
Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Capsule Authentication
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, combined with chemometric analysis, is a rapid and non-destructive method for identifying counterfeit, substandard, or adulterated capsules. NIR can analyze capsules in various packaging states, including intact capsules and those in PVC blisters, without opening them. Chemometric models such as SVM, OCPLS, and DD-SIMCA can accurately distinguish genuine from counterfeit products, and preprocessing the spectral data further improves accuracy. NIR spectroscopy can also quantify the level of adulteration and active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content, making it a powerful tool for quality control and authentication 2910.
Raman Spectroscopy for Noninvasive Capsule Authentication
Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) enables the identification of pharmaceutical capsules through packaging materials. SORS is more sensitive than conventional Raman methods and can suppress interfering signals from packaging or capsule coatings, allowing for the detection of the active ingredients inside the capsule without opening it. This technique is especially useful when surface fluorescence or packaging materials obscure the signals needed for identification .
Deep Learning and Computer Vision for Capsule Identification
Advanced deep learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and object detection algorithms like YOLO, are increasingly used for capsule identification. These models are trained on large datasets of capsule images and can accurately classify capsule types, names, and detect mix-ups in real time. Such systems can automate visual inspection, improve reliability in manufacturing, and even trigger alerts if incorrect capsules are detected, enhancing safety and efficiency in pharmaceutical operations 358.
DNA Tagging and Molecular Authentication
A novel approach involves tagging capsules with a small, safe DNA fragment embedded in the printing ink. The DNA tag can be swabbed from the capsule surface and detected using PCR-based methods, allowing for forensic-level authentication and traceability throughout the supply chain. This method provides a molecular-level security feature that is difficult to counterfeit .
Electrophoresis and PCR for Gelatin Source Verification
For capsules made with gelatin, especially in regions with religious or dietary restrictions, electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods can identify the animal source of the gelatin. These techniques can distinguish between porcine and bovine gelatin in capsule shells, ensuring compliance with halal or other regulatory requirements .
Conclusion
Pharmaceutical capsule identification methods are diverse and increasingly sophisticated. Techniques such as laser marking, NIR and Raman spectroscopy, deep learning-based image analysis, DNA tagging, and molecular verification of capsule materials all contribute to improved authentication, quality control, and safety in the pharmaceutical industry. These methods help combat counterfeiting, ensure regulatory compliance, and protect public health 12345678+2 MORE.
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