Primary dentition eruption chart
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Primary Dentition Eruption Chart: Sequence and Timing
Sequence of Primary Tooth Eruption
The typical sequence of primary (deciduous) tooth eruption is generally consistent across populations, with some minor variations. Most studies agree that the mandibular (lower) central incisors are usually the first to erupt, followed by the maxillary (upper) central incisors, then the lateral incisors, first molars, canines, and finally the second molars. However, some research notes that in certain populations, maxillary teeth may erupt before mandibular teeth, except for the central incisors and lower left lateral incisor, which tend to erupt earlier in the mandible236.
Average Age of Eruption for Each Tooth
- Mandibular Central Incisors: Erupt first, typically around 6–8 months of age236.
- Maxillary Central Incisors: Follow soon after, usually by 8–10 months23.
- Lateral Incisors: Erupt between 9–13 months23.
- First Molars: Erupt around 13–19 months23.
- Canines: Erupt between 16–23 months23.
- Second Molars: Erupt last, typically by 23–33 months23.
The full set of 20 primary teeth is usually present by age 2.5 to 3 years235.
Population and Gender Differences in Eruption Patterns
While the general eruption sequence is similar worldwide, there are some differences in timing and order among populations. For example, studies in Chinese, Nigerian, Cuban, Indonesian, and Pakistani children all report similar eruption sequences, but with slight variations in the timing of specific teeth12356. Girls often experience earlier eruption than boys, but the difference is usually not statistically significant12356.
Factors Influencing Eruption Timing
Several factors can influence the timing and pattern of primary tooth eruption:
- Nutritional Status: Both maternal and child nutrition significantly affect eruption timing. Poor nutrition can delay eruption, while good nutrition supports timely development56.
- Socioeconomic Status: Some studies suggest children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds may experience earlier eruption, though findings are mixed36.
- Health at Birth: A low Apgar score at birth is associated with delayed eruption of primary teeth.
- Gender: Females may complete the eruption process slightly faster than males, though the difference is minor256.
- Maternal Education and Occupation: Higher maternal education and employment status are linked to more typical eruption patterns.
Clinical and Public Health Implications
Understanding the typical eruption chart for primary dentition is important for diagnosing developmental issues, planning preventive care, and identifying children at risk for delayed eruption due to health or nutritional problems145. Updated eruption charts tailored to specific populations can improve accuracy in clinical and forensic settings.
Conclusion
The primary dentition eruption chart generally follows a predictable sequence, with the mandibular central incisors erupting first and the second molars last, usually completed by age three. While the sequence is consistent, the timing can vary based on nutrition, health, gender, and socioeconomic factors. Recognizing these variations helps clinicians provide better care and early intervention when needed123456.
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