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Advances in Onion Research: Genetic Improvement, Molecular Tools, and Cultivation Techniques
Genetic Improvement in Onion Cultivation
Disease Resistance and Pest Management
Recent research has made significant strides in improving onion resistance to diseases and pests. Enhanced screening techniques have been developed to identify onion bulbs resistant to Fusarium basal rot, leading to germplasm that exhibits less disease when exposed to the pathogen. Similarly, improved methods have resulted in germplasm with fewer and less severe symptoms of Iris yellow spot, especially under conditions conducive to onion thrips infestation. Additionally, onion varieties with altered epicuticular wax compositions on their leaves have shown reduced preference for thrips feeding, paving the way for thrips-tolerant cultivars.
Low Pungency and Dormancy Management
Conventional breeding and genetic manipulation have successfully produced low-pungency, tearless onions by targeting the genes responsible for alliinase and lachrymatory factor synthase. Furthermore, advancements in breaking bulb dormancy early while ensuring proper vernalization have enabled annual generation cycles in long-day onions, enhancing productivity.
Molecular Tools and Genomic Resources
Development of Reference Genotypes
The doubled haploid line 'CUDH2107' has been promoted as a reference genotype to simplify the discovery and analysis of genes underlying important onion traits. Transcriptome sequencing of 'CUDH2107' has resulted in a comprehensive multi-organ reference transcriptome catalogue, facilitating the study of genetic and molecular bases of various traits, including male fertility and flower development.
SNP Discovery and Genetic Diversity
Using double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq), researchers have identified high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Korean short-day onion inbred lines. This discovery aids in understanding the genetic structure and relationships within onion populations, which is crucial for enhancing breeding programs and managing onion genomic resources.
Integration of Molecular and Conventional Breeding
Next-generation sequencing technologies have accelerated the development of molecular markers for germplasm analysis and trait mapping in onions. These tools are being integrated with conventional breeding methods to expedite the improvement of onion yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Cultivation Techniques and Environmental Control
Optimized Production Technology
In central Russia, research has focused on optimizing onion production technology to achieve high yields. Key practices include early sowing of pre-cleaned seeds, balanced nutrient management, and the use of biopreparations to enhance plant immunity. Effective weed and disease control strategies have also been developed to ensure optimal growth conditions.
Controlled Environment Cultivation
To facilitate physiological and molecular studies, standardized growing practices for onions in controlled environments have been established. These practices include selecting appropriate germplasm, using suitable propagation media, and maintaining optimal nutrition and environmental conditions. Such standardization aims to improve the reproducibility and depth of onion research.
Valorization of Onion By-products
Production of Pectic Oligosaccharides
Innovative methods have been developed to convert onion skins, an under-utilized by-product, into pectic oligosaccharides (POS) using enzyme membrane reactors. This approach has significantly increased the productivity and yield of POS, which have potential health benefits, demonstrating the feasibility of efficient POS production from onion skins.
Conclusion
The advancements in genetic improvement, molecular tools, and optimized cultivation techniques are significantly enhancing onion production and quality. These developments not only address the challenges faced by onion growers but also open new avenues for research and commercial applications. Continued efforts in these areas promise to further improve onion cultivation and utilization in the future.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Recent Advances in Onion Genetic Improvement
Doubled Haploid ‘CUDH2107’ as a Reference for Bulb Onion (Allium cepa L.) Research: Development of a Transcriptome Catalogue and Identification of Transcripts Associated with Male Fertility
SNP discovery of Korean short day onion inbred lines using double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing
Onion Research in India: Status and Challenges
Continuous production of pectic oligosaccharides from onion skins with an enzyme membrane reactor.
Research Onion for Smart IoT-Enabled Mobile Applications
Enhancing onion breeding using molecular tools
Optimization of the elements of onion production technology in an annual crop in the conditions of central Russia
A Guide for the Cultivation of Onion under Controlled Environment Conditions
DETERMINATION OF SOME PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ONION
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