Severe mental disorder definition
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
Understanding Severe Mental Disorder: Definitions and Key Characteristics
Definition of Severe Mental Disorder
Operational Definitions and Criteria
Severe mental disorder (SMD) is a term often used interchangeably with severe mental illness (SMI) and is characterized by significant and persistent psychiatric conditions. Despite its frequent use, there is no universally accepted operational definition. Various studies have attempted to define SMD using different criteria. One approach, based on the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) definition, includes three criteria: a diagnosis of psychosis, a duration of service contact of at least two years, and a Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score of 50 or below . Another approach simplifies this to just the duration of service contact and the GAF score, broadening the scope to include non-psychotic disorders .
Variability in Definitions
A systematic review highlighted the inconsistency in defining SMI across research and practice. It found that 85% of studies did not provide an operational definition, and those that did varied significantly in their criteria, including specific diagnoses, functional impairment, and duration of symptoms . This variability underscores the need for a standardized definition to improve the reliability and applicability of the term in clinical and research settings .
Characteristics of Severe Mental Disorders
Persistence and Disability
Severe mental disorders are marked by their chronic nature and the extensive disability they cause. These disorders often include conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression, which are known for their persistent symptoms and significant impact on daily functioning 36. The severity of these disorders is often linked to the intensity, frequency, and persistence of symptoms, as well as their impact on the individual's quality of life and functional abilities .
Functional Impairment
Functional impairment is a key component in defining severe mental disorders. This impairment can manifest in various ways, including difficulties in maintaining employment, social relationships, and self-care. The degree of functional impairment often dictates the level of care required and can influence decisions regarding treatment and support services 49.
Comorbidity and Social Impact
Individuals with severe mental disorders frequently experience comorbid conditions such as depression, substance misuse, and cognitive impairments. These comorbidities can exacerbate the primary disorder and complicate treatment . Additionally, social exclusion and poor physical health are common among this population, further highlighting the need for comprehensive and integrated care approaches .
Conclusion
Severe mental disorder encompasses a range of chronic and disabling psychiatric conditions, with definitions varying widely across studies and clinical practices. Key characteristics include persistent symptoms, significant functional impairment, and frequent comorbidities. Standardizing the definition of SMD is crucial for improving diagnosis, treatment, and support for affected individuals. Understanding these aspects can help in developing more effective interventions and policies to support those living with severe mental disorders.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic