Side effects for lisinopril hctz
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Side Effects of Lisinopril-Hydrochlorothiazide (Lisinopril HCTZ)
Common Side Effects
Lisinopril-Hydrochlorothiazide (Lisinopril HCTZ) is a combination medication used to treat hypertension. While effective, it is associated with several side effects. Common adverse effects include increased uric acid levels, decreased potassium levels, and changes in cholesterol levels. Specifically, Lisinopril HCTZ has been shown to increase plasma uric acid levels and decrease potassium, while also decreasing cholesterol levels. Additionally, patients may experience mild side effects such as dizziness, headache, and fatigue, which tend to subside spontaneously.
Cardiovascular Effects
The combination of Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide can also impact heart rate. Studies have shown that heart rate tends to fall more significantly with Lisinopril HCTZ compared to Hydrochlorothiazide alone. However, in some cases, the heart rate may increase slightly, although these changes are generally not statistically significant.
Metabolic Effects
Lisinopril HCTZ can affect various metabolic parameters. For instance, it has been observed to increase fasting glucose levels, although this effect is not always statistically significant. Additionally, the combination therapy can lead to changes in lipid profiles, such as a decrease in HDL cholesterol and an increase in total cholesterol when compared to monotherapy with Lisinopril.
Electrolyte Imbalance
One of the notable side effects of Hydrochlorothiazide, a component of Lisinopril HCTZ, is its impact on electrolyte balance. Patients often experience a decrease in serum potassium levels, which can be significant . This electrolyte imbalance necessitates monitoring, especially in long-term use.
Respiratory Effects
Cough is a relatively common side effect associated with Lisinopril, and this extends to its combination with Hydrochlorothiazide. Studies have reported a higher incidence of cough in patients treated with Lisinopril HCTZ compared to those treated with other antihypertensive combinations. In rare cases, this can lead to discontinuation of the medication.
Serious Adverse Effects
While serious adverse effects are rare, they can occur. These include angioedema, a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by swelling of the deeper layers of the skin, often around the eyes and lips, and sometimes the throat. Additionally, postural hypotension, a condition where blood pressure drops significantly upon standing, has been reported, although it is less common.
Conclusion
Lisinopril HCTZ is an effective antihypertensive medication but comes with a range of side effects that need to be monitored. Common side effects include changes in uric acid and potassium levels, as well as mild symptoms like dizziness and headache. More serious but rare side effects include angioedema and significant electrolyte imbalances. Regular monitoring and consultation with healthcare providers are essential to manage these side effects effectively.
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