Side effects of statin medications
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Statin Medications: Common and Serious Side Effects
Statins are widely used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, but they can cause a range of side effects. Most people tolerate statins well, but some experience problems that may lead to stopping the medication 1237.
Muscle-Related Side Effects of Statins
Muscle symptoms are the most frequently reported side effects. These include mild muscle pain (myalgia), muscle weakness, and cramps, which affect about 1–10% of users 23567. More serious muscle problems, such as myositis (muscle inflammation) and rhabdomyolysis (severe muscle breakdown), are rare but can be life-threatening 235678. There is also a rare immune-mediated muscle disease called statin-induced necrotizing autoimmune myopathy 256. The risk of muscle side effects increases with higher statin doses, certain drug interactions, and in people with other health conditions 357.
Statins and Diabetes Risk
Statin use is linked to a small but real increase in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, especially at higher doses or in people with risk factors for diabetes 123410. However, the overall cardiovascular benefits of statins usually outweigh this risk .
Liver and Kidney Effects
Statins can cause mild increases in liver enzymes in up to 1% of patients, but serious liver damage is very rare 1349. Statins may also rarely affect kidney function, but this is uncommon 410.
Nervous System and Cognitive Effects
Some people report memory problems or confusion while taking statins, but large studies have not confirmed a clear link between statins and cognitive decline or dementia 1310. Statins can also unmask or trigger underlying neuromuscular disorders in rare cases .
Other Reported Side Effects
Other possible side effects include joint and tendon problems, but these are less well recognized and need more research . Early concerns about statins causing cancer, cataracts, or mood disorders have not been supported by strong evidence 1310. Some rare side effects, such as proteinuria (protein in urine) and haematuria (blood in urine), have not been proven to be caused by statins .
Drug Interactions and Risk Factors
Statins can interact with other medications, herbal supplements, and certain foods, which may increase the risk of side effects 349. People with multiple health conditions, those taking several medications, or those with hypothyroidism or alcohol abuse are at higher risk for adverse effects 357.
Conclusion
Statins are generally safe and effective for most people, but they can cause muscle symptoms, increase diabetes risk, and rarely affect the liver, kidneys, or nervous system. Most side effects are mild and manageable, but serious complications are rare. Identifying those at higher risk and considering alternative treatments when needed can help maximize the benefits of statin therapy while minimizing harm 12345678+2 MORE.
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