Signs of gastric cancer

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Signs of Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer, is a significant global health concern due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Understanding the signs and symptoms of gastric cancer is crucial for early diagnosis and improved patient outcomes. This article synthesizes the key signs and symptoms associated with gastric cancer, drawing from multiple research studies.

Common Symptoms of Gastric Cancer

Dyspeptic Symptoms

Dyspeptic symptoms, which include indigestion, stomach discomfort, and heartburn, are often the initial signs of gastric cancer. These symptoms are common and can be easily mistaken for benign conditions, making early diagnosis challenging .

Alarm Symptoms

Alarm symptoms are more specific indicators of potential malignancy and include:

Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing): This symptom is a significant prognostic factor and is often associated with advanced stages of gastric cancer .
Weight Loss: Unintentional weight loss is a common symptom and is frequently observed in patients at the time of diagnosis .
Palpable Abdominal Mass: The presence of a mass that can be felt in the abdomen is another critical sign, often indicating advanced disease.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding: While not as strongly correlated with prognosis, gastrointestinal bleeding can occur and should prompt further investigation.

Other Symptoms

Patients with gastric cancer may also experience a range of other symptoms, including:

Nausea and Vomiting: These symptoms are common but not specific to gastric cancer .
Loss of Appetite: A decreased desire to eat can be an early sign of gastric cancer.
Constipation and Diarrhea: Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhea, may also be present.

Co-Occurring Symptoms

Patients with gastric cancer often experience multiple symptoms simultaneously. The severity of these symptoms can vary, with older age, female gender, advanced cancer stage, low socioeconomic status, and total gastrectomy being associated with a greater number and severity of symptoms.

Prognostic Value of Symptoms

The presence and type of symptoms can provide valuable prognostic information. For instance, dysphagia, weight loss, and a palpable abdominal mass are major independent prognostic factors, while the duration of symptoms does not significantly impact survival.

Conclusion

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of gastric cancer is essential for early diagnosis and treatment. While dyspeptic symptoms are common and often benign, the presence of alarm symptoms such as dysphagia, weight loss, and a palpable abdominal mass should prompt immediate medical evaluation. Understanding these symptoms and their prognostic value can aid in the timely detection and management of gastric cancer, ultimately improving patient outcomes.