Skin rashes associated with diabetes
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Common Skin Rashes and Lesions in Diabetes
Skin rashes and other skin changes are frequent in people with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Studies show that up to 70% of diabetic patients may experience some form of skin complication during the course of their disease, and these can sometimes be the first sign of diabetes before diagnosis 28910. The most commonly reported skin issues include diabetic dermopathy, pruritus (itchy skin), maculopapular rashes, vitiligo, lichen planus, psoriasis, and xerosis (dry skin) 27910. Infections—both bacterial and fungal—are also more common in people with diabetes 7910.
Specific Skin Manifestations Associated with Diabetes
Diabetic Dermopathy and Necrobiosis Lipoidica
Diabetic dermopathy appears as small, round, brownish patches, often on the shins, and is a common skin finding in diabetes 210. Necrobiosis lipoidica, another skin condition, presents as yellowish, waxy plaques, usually on the lower legs, and is more often seen in people with long-standing diabetes .
Pruritus and Xerosis
Pruritus, or chronic itching, is frequently reported and is often linked to dry skin (xerosis), which is also very common in diabetic patients 27910. These symptoms can be widespread or localized and may be aggravated by poor blood sugar control.
Infections
Diabetes increases the risk of both bacterial and fungal skin infections. Fungal infections, such as those caused by Candida species, and bacterial infections, like cellulitis, are more prevalent and can be more severe in people with diabetes 7910.
Other Skin Disorders
Other skin conditions associated with diabetes include vitiligo (loss of skin pigment), lichen planus (an inflammatory rash), and psoriasis (scaly, red patches) . Some patients may also develop more unusual rashes, such as those described in case reports, which can be non-itchy or extremely itchy and may be linked to other autoimmune conditions or gastrointestinal symptoms 14.
Skin Reactions to Diabetes Medical Devices
A significant number of people with diabetes experience skin rashes and irritation from medical devices such as continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and insulin pumps. Studies report that 42–60% of device users develop skin reactions, including redness, itching, pain, and rashes at the site of device application 356. Allergic contact dermatitis is a common reaction, often caused by allergens like acrylates and isobornyl acrylate found in device adhesives . These reactions can be severe enough to require discontinuation of the device in some cases 356.
Importance of Early Recognition and Management
Skin complications in diabetes are often underdiagnosed but can have significant impacts on quality of life and diabetes management 389. Early recognition and treatment of skin rashes and infections are important to prevent more serious complications, such as diabetic foot ulcers 89. Collaboration between dermatologists, diabetologists, and patients is essential for effective management, especially for device-related skin reactions .
Conclusion
Skin rashes and other skin changes are common in people with diabetes and can range from dry, itchy skin and infections to more specific conditions like diabetic dermopathy and device-related allergic reactions. Recognizing these skin manifestations early can help with timely diagnosis and better management of diabetes, improving patient outcomes and quality of life 278910.
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