Space matter
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Understanding the Relationship Between Space and Matter
The Nature of Space and Matter: Active vs. Passive
The relationship between space and matter has been a subject of profound inquiry in physics. One perspective posits that matter is passive and space is active. Matter is seen as inert, merely displaying the energy that space is full of, akin to a straw floating in a stream . This view suggests that space is energetic and dynamic, while matter simply follows the path of least resistance.
The Matter of Space: Fundamental Laws and Properties
The fundamental laws and properties of matter and motion have been extensively discussed. One significant exposition highlights the intricate motions and interactions within space, suggesting that matter is present throughout the universe, including interstitial spaces . This perspective aligns with the idea that space is not empty but filled with a substantial medium, often referred to as ether, which is distinct from traditional matter .
Modern Experiments and Theories: Dark Matter and Gravitational Waves
Recent advancements in experimental physics have proposed innovative methods to explore the nature of space and matter. The Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration (AEDGE) aims to use cold atoms to search for ultra-light dark matter and detect gravitational waves. This interdisciplinary approach seeks to extend the sensitivity range for dark matter detection and explore cosmic phenomena such as the assembly of super-massive black holes and early universe phase transitions .
Mathematical Models: Matter in Space-Time
Mathematical theories have been developed to describe matter within the framework of space-time. One such model considers a 4-dimensional elastic medium where dislocations in an additional fifth coordinate generate fields of action over space-time. These fields are linear in their sources and carry energy, momentum, and information about the type of matter generating the dislocations . This model provides a mathematical basis for understanding the interactions and energy dynamics of matter in space-time.
Geometrical Formulations: Coupling Matter and Space-Time Geometry
The geometrical formulation of gravity allows for various interpretations of space-time. Consistent matter couplings are essential for a stable foundation of gravity. The minimal coupling principle (MCP) ensures compatibility with relativity, universality, and inertia. In general affine geometries, the presence of torsion can lead to theoretical issues, but symmetric teleparallelism, which is torsion-free, remains consistent with MCP .
Creation of Matter from Space
A novel hypothesis suggests that matter can be created from non-empty space. This theory posits that space consists of a network of quantum threads, which can be transformed into matter. For instance, four units of space can create two protons and two electrons, forming a hydrogen molecule. This concept implies that the thread network in space is equivalent to 25% real matter, potentially explaining the nature of dark matter .
Unified Theories and Geometrodynamics
Unified theories attempt to integrate various physical and mathematical principles to explain the nature of space and matter. General Relativity, for example, models attributes of matter such as mass and momentum from pure space endowed with Riemannian geometry. This approach, known as Geometrodynamics, continues to evolve, offering insights into the fundamental interactions within the universe .
Historical and Scientific Views: Matter, Spacetime, and the Vacuum
Historically, there have been three main views on the relationship between matter and spacetime: Newton's absolute approach, Mach's relational approach, and the geometrical approach inspired by Einstein. Modern perspectives suggest that matter and spacetime are complementary aspects of the same reality, challenging the traditional notion of an "empty" vacuum. Observations indicate that the cosmological vacuum is far from empty, potentially leading to a universe with a net energy of zero .
Conclusion
The intricate relationship between space and matter continues to be a central theme in physics. From the passive nature of matter and the active role of space to modern experimental and theoretical advancements, our understanding of the universe is constantly evolving. Unified theories and innovative experiments promise to further unravel the mysteries of space and matter, offering deeper insights into the fundamental nature of reality.
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