Stroke complications

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Stroke Complications: An Overview

Common Post-Stroke Complications

Cardiac Complications

Cardiac complications are a significant concern for stroke patients, contributing to mortality rates that range from 12.5% to 22.7% . These complications include arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and heart failure, which can be exacerbated by pre-existing conditions such as hypertension and diabetes Kumar2009Kenmogne-Domning2018. Early recognition and management of these complications are crucial for improving patient outcomes .

Infections

Infections are among the most frequent complications following a stroke. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and chest infections are particularly common, affecting 24% and 22% of patients, respectively . These infections can significantly impede recovery and increase the risk of mortality Johnston1998Langhorne2000. Preventive measures and early treatment are essential to manage these risks effectively .

Neurological Complications

Neurological complications such as cerebral edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and recurrent strokes are critical issues that can occur early after the initial stroke event Johnston1998Balami2011. These complications can lead to severe disability and worsen the overall prognosis Johnston1998Balami2011. Effective surveillance and timely interventions are necessary to mitigate these adverse effects .

Mobility-Related Issues

Immobility following a stroke can lead to several complications, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, and pressure sores. Falls are also a common issue, with 25% of patients experiencing falls during their hospital stay, and 5% suffering serious injuries as a result . Preventive strategies, such as early mobilization and physical therapy, are vital to reduce these risks Freeman12010Langhorne2000.

Psychological and Cognitive Complications

Depression, anxiety, and emotional disturbances are prevalent among stroke survivors, affecting up to 26% of patients Langhorne20007. These psychological issues can hinder rehabilitation efforts and negatively impact the quality of life Langhorne20007. Early diagnosis and appropriate psychological support are crucial for managing these complications .

Pain and Discomfort

Pain, particularly shoulder pain, is a common complaint among stroke patients, affecting 24% of individuals during rehabilitation . Other types of pain, including musculoskeletal pain, are also frequent and can complicate recovery . Effective pain management strategies are essential to improve patient comfort and facilitate rehabilitation .

Conclusion

Stroke complications are diverse and can significantly impact patient outcomes. Cardiac issues, infections, neurological complications, mobility-related problems, psychological disturbances, and pain are among the most common challenges faced by stroke survivors. Early recognition, preventive measures, and timely interventions are critical to managing these complications and improving the overall prognosis for stroke patients. Further research is needed to develop evidence-based guidelines for the effective management of these complications.

Sources and full results

Most relevant research papers on this topic

Medical complications after stroke.

Medical complications after stroke can significantly impact recovery and require specific interventions for prevention and treatment.

Highly Cited

2009·

311citations

·Sandeep Kumar et al.

The Lancet. Neurology·

DOI

Medical and neurological complications of ischemic stroke: experience from the RANTTAS trial. RANTTAS Investigators.

Medical complications after ischemic stroke significantly worsen outcomes and may influence functional outcomes, with pneumonia being the most common serious medical complication.

RCTHighly Cited

1998·

437citations

·K. Johnston et al.

Stroke·

DOI

The ABC's of Stroke Complications

This article highlights common poststroke complications, which are preventable and crucial for early diagnosis, preventive strategies, and management.

2010·

15citations

·W. David Freeman1 et al.

Semin Neurol·

DOI

Medical complications after stroke: a multicenter study.

Poststroke complications, particularly infections and falls, are common, but also include potentially preventable complications related to pain and cognitive or affective symptoms.

Observational StudyHighly Cited

2000·

936citations

·P. Langhorne et al.

Stroke·

DOI

Cardiac complications after stroke: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cardiac complications after stroke contribute to 12.5% to 22.7% of stroke mortality, and early recognition and management can improve patient outcomes.

Meta-AnalysisRigorous Journal

2018·

5citations

·Guidelle Héloïse Kenmogne-Domning et al.

BMJ Open·

DOI

Complications after acute stroke.

Complications after acute stroke are common, highlighting the need for active medical input in stroke rehabilitation.

Observational StudyHighly Cited

1996·

573citations

·R. Davenport et al.

Stroke·

DOI

Medical and Neurological Complications During Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation

Neuromedical complications during inpatient stroke rehabilitation are more common with severe stroke, cardiovascular comorbidity, and longer stay.

Observational StudyHighly Cited

1994·

214citations

·A. Md et al.

Stroke·

DOI

Medical complications experienced by a cohort of stroke survivors during inpatient, tertiary-level stroke rehabilitation.

Depression, shoulder pain, falls, and urinary tract infections are common complications experienced by stroke survivors during inpatient rehabilitation.

Observational StudyHighly Cited

2004·

154citations

·D. McLean

Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation·

DOI

Medical complications during stroke rehabilitation.

Stroke rehabilitation on specialist units is associated with earlier detection and management of stroke-related problems, preventing potentially life-threatening complications.

Observational StudyHighly Cited

1995·

109citations

·L. Kalra et al.

Stroke·

DOI

Neurological complications of acute ischaemic stroke.

Improved surveillance and interventions for prevention, early diagnosis, and proper management of neurological complications during acute ischaemic stroke can reduce stroke morbidity and mortality.

Highly Cited

2011·

230citations

·Joyce S. Balami et al.

The Lancet. Neurology·

DOI

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