Stroke consequences
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Stroke Consequences: A Comprehensive Overview
Social Consequences of Stroke in Working-Aged Adults
Stroke significantly impacts the social lives of working-aged adults. A systematic review identified several key areas affected, including return to work, family relationships, sexual life, economic stability, and leisure activities. The return to work rates varied widely from 0% to 100%, highlighting the diverse outcomes among individuals 1. Additionally, stroke can negatively impact family dynamics (5% to 54%), sexual life (5% to 76%), and economic stability (24% to 33%) 1. These findings underscore the need for tailored interventions to address these social challenges.
Physical and Functional Consequences: Falls and Motor Recovery
Falls are a common and serious consequence of stroke, occurring across all recovery phases. They can lead to severe injuries, reduced mobility, and a fear of falling, which further impacts independence and quality of life 2. The risk factors for falls include pre-existing conditions and stroke-induced impairments such as decreased strength, balance issues, and perceptual problems 2.
Motor recovery is another critical area, with various interventions showing promise. Techniques such as constraint-induced movement therapy, electromyographic biofeedback, and robotics have demonstrated improvements in arm function. Repetitive task training and high-intensity therapy have been effective in enhancing walking speed and balance 10. Despite some limitations in trial designs, these interventions offer hope for better motor recovery outcomes.
Medical Complications Post-Stroke
Stroke survivors are prone to numerous medical complications, including cardiac issues, pneumonia, venous thromboembolism, fever, pain, dysphagia, incontinence, and depression 3. These complications can significantly hinder neurological recovery and overall health. Effective management of these conditions is crucial, yet there is a lack of comprehensive data to guide treatment strategies 3.
Emotional and Behavioral Consequences
Emotional and behavioral symptoms are prevalent and debilitating for stroke survivors. Anxiety affects about a quarter of stroke survivors and can persist for years 6. Other common emotional disturbances include fear, anger, apathy, and lack of emotional control, which can severely limit social reintegration 6. Neuropsychiatric outcomes such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, and apathy are also common, affecting at least 30% of patients 8. These emotional and behavioral issues necessitate better therapeutic approaches and further research into effective management strategies.
Positive Consequences and Psychosocial Well-Being
Interestingly, some stroke survivors report positive outcomes, such as increased social relationships, heightened health awareness, personal growth, and changes in religious life 5. These positive reframing experiences can be crucial for psychological resilience and recovery.
Promoting psychosocial well-being is essential, as stroke impacts mood, identity, social relationships, and quality of life. A dialogue-based intervention has been developed to support stroke survivors through narrative theories and guided self-determination, aiming to enhance psychosocial health 7.
Economic Consequences of Stroke
The economic burden of stroke is substantial, with global macroeconomic losses estimated at $2059.67 billion in 2019, representing 1.66% of the global GDP 9. These losses highlight the need for increased resource allocation for stroke prevention and treatment to mitigate the economic impact.
Conclusion
Stroke has far-reaching consequences that affect social, physical, medical, emotional, and economic aspects of survivors' lives. Addressing these multifaceted challenges requires comprehensive and tailored interventions, further research, and increased resource allocation to improve outcomes for stroke survivors globally.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
What Are the Social Consequences of Stroke for Working-Aged Adults?: A Systematic Review
Stroke in working-aged adults can lead to negative impacts on family relationships, sexual life, economic difficulties, and leisure activities.
Systematic Review
Highly CitedFalls after Stroke
Falls are common in people with stroke, affecting independence and quality of life, and more high-quality research is needed to effectively reduce falls and injuries.
Literature Review
Very Rigorous JournalHighly CitedMedical complications after stroke
Medical complications after stroke can significantly impact recovery and require specific interventions for prevention and treatment.
Highly CitedCardiovascular and neurological causes of sudden death after ischaemic stroke
Sudden death after stroke is often due to an interaction between cardiovascular and neurological causes, with autonomic imbalance more common after infarcts involving the insular cortex.
Highly CitedPositive consequences of surviving a stroke.
Some stroke survivors can identify positive consequences, such as increased social relationships, health awareness, changes in religious life, personal growth, and altruism, in their recovery process.
Observational StudyEmotions and behavior after stroke
Emotional disturbances after stroke, such as fear, anger, and apathy, can limit social reintegration and require better therapeutic approaches.
Systematic Review
Rigorous JournalPromoting psychosocial well-being following a stroke: developing a theoretically and empirically sound complex intervention.
A dialogue-based intervention based on narrative theories, empowerment philosophy, and guided self-determination can effectively promote post-stroke psychosocial well-being.
Systematic ReviewNeuropsychiatric outcomes of stroke
Stroke patients often experience neuropsychiatric symptoms like depression, anxiety, fatigue, and apathy, with no clear link to brain lesion location and a need for further research on causes and management strategies.
Highly CitedThe global, regional, and national economic consequences of stroke
The global macroeconomic consequences of stroke are vast, even considering stroke subtypes, and understanding these consequences can help justify increased spending on stroke treatment and research.
Observational StudyMotor recovery after stroke: a systematic review
High-intensity and repetitive task-specific treatments show promise for improving motor recovery after stroke, with potential benefits for arm function, balance, and walking speed.
Systematic ReviewHighly Cited