Stroke symptoms in lower limbs
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
Lower Limb Weakness and Motor Impairment After Stroke
Weakness in the lower limbs is a common symptom after stroke, often presenting as hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body) or, less commonly, as isolated lower limb weakness (monoparesis) 2310. The degree of weakness can vary, but studies show that the lower limb is often less severely affected than the upper limb, and when differences exist, the leg is usually stronger than the arm . Weakness can affect both the paretic (affected) and non-paretic (unaffected) limbs, with the non-paretic limb also showing deficits in strength, range of motion, and proprioception compared to healthy individuals .
Sensory Deficits and Proprioception in Lower Limbs Post-Stroke
Somatosensory impairments, such as reduced sensation to touch, pressure, and proprioception (awareness of limb position), are present in over half of chronic stroke survivors . These deficits are more common in the distal parts of the limb, such as the toes and foot, and are linked to an increased risk of falls and impaired balance . Sensory symptoms can also include numbness or decreased sensation, sometimes as the main or only symptom, especially in cases of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) stroke .
Spasticity and Muscle Tone Changes in Lower Limbs
Spasticity, or increased muscle tone, is another frequent lower limb symptom after stroke. It can lead to stiffness, difficulty moving the leg, and problems with walking . Treatments like neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can help reduce spasticity and improve function, especially when combined with physical therapy .
Gait and Activity Limitations Due to Lower Limb Symptoms
Stroke-related damage to specific brain regions, such as the internal capsule, corona radiata, and other motor pathways, can cause long-term impairment in lower limb movement and walking ability . These impairments can result in slower walking speed, reduced balance, and difficulty performing daily activities 159. Recovery of lower limb motor function tends to follow a "proportional recovery rule," with about 70% of initial impairment resolving within three months, regardless of therapy dose .
Edema and Other Lower Limb Complications
Lower limb pitting edema (swelling) is more common in stroke survivors, likely due to reduced muscle activity and immobility, which impairs the muscle pump function needed to return blood and fluid from the legs . This can affect both the paretic and non-paretic limbs and is more pronounced with increasing age .
Summary of Common Lower Limb Stroke Symptoms
- Weakness or paralysis, often more pronounced on one side 2310
- Sensory loss, including numbness and reduced proprioception 469
- Spasticity and increased muscle tone
- Impaired balance and increased risk of falls 69
- Swelling (edema) due to immobility
- Difficulty walking and performing daily activities 159
Conclusion
Lower limb symptoms after stroke are diverse and can include weakness, sensory deficits, spasticity, balance problems, and swelling. These symptoms can affect both the affected and unaffected limbs, impacting mobility and independence. Understanding the range and impact of these symptoms is crucial for effective rehabilitation and fall prevention in stroke survivors 135678910.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic