Supplements for high blood pressure
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Supplements for High Blood Pressure: A Comprehensive Review
Introduction to Hypertension and Supplements
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a prevalent condition affecting millions globally and is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. While conventional medications are commonly prescribed, there is growing interest in the use of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals as complementary treatments. This article synthesizes recent research on various supplements that have shown potential in managing high blood pressure.
Herbal Supplements for Blood Pressure Reduction
Phenolic-Rich Herbal Supplements
Herbal supplements rich in phenolic compounds, such as resveratrol, cherry juice, beetroot juice, bergamot extracts, barberry, and pycnogenol, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing blood pressure. A meta-analysis of 31 studies revealed significant reductions in both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with these supplements, highlighting their potential in cardiovascular prevention.
Beetroot Juice and Dietary Nitrate
Beetroot juice, high in dietary nitrate, has been shown to provide sustained blood pressure lowering effects. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study found that daily supplementation with beetroot juice significantly reduced clinic, ambulatory, and home BP, with improvements in endothelial function and arterial stiffness.
Antioxidant Supplements
Combination Antioxidant Therapy
A study investigating the effects of a combination of antioxidants (zinc sulphate, ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene) found that short-term high-dose supplementation significantly reduced SBP in both hypertensive and normotensive individuals. The reduction is possibly due to increased availability of nitric oxide.
Mineral Supplements
Magnesium
Magnesium supplementation has been shown to have a modest but significant effect on lowering blood pressure. A meta-analysis of 34 trials indicated that a median dose of 368 mg/day of magnesium for three months reduced SBP by 2.00 mm Hg and DBP by 1.78 mm Hg. Another study confirmed these findings, emphasizing magnesium's role in achieving optimal BP in the general population.
Potassium
Potassium supplementation has also been associated with significant reductions in blood pressure. A systematic review and meta-analysis found that potassium intake decreased SBP by 4.48 mm Hg and DBP by 2.96 mm Hg, particularly in individuals with high sodium intake and those not on antihypertensive drugs.
Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals
Diuripres® Supplement
Diuripres®, a dietary supplement containing magnesium, orthosiphon, hawthorn, and hibiscus, was found to significantly decrease both SBP and DBP in individuals with high-normal BP or stage I hypertension. The study also reported improvements in vascular health and metabolic parameters.
Dietary Fiber
Supplementing with dietary fiber, specifically oat bran, has been shown to lower blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. A randomized controlled trial demonstrated significant reductions in both office and 24-hour ambulatory BP, along with beneficial changes in gut microbiota.
Policosanol
Policosanol, derived from sugar cane wax, has been recognized for its cholesterol-lowering properties and has also shown potential in reducing blood pressure. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials reported significant decreases in both SBP and DBP with policosanol supplementation.
Conclusion
The evidence suggests that various supplements, including herbal extracts, antioxidants, minerals, and functional foods, can effectively reduce blood pressure. These supplements offer a promising adjunctive approach to traditional antihypertensive therapies, potentially improving cardiovascular health and reducing the burden of hypertension. However, further research is needed to determine optimal dosages and long-term effects.
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