Supplements lower cholesterol
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Supplements for Lowering Cholesterol: A Comprehensive Review
Introduction to Cholesterol-Lowering Supplements
Cholesterol management is crucial for reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). While statins are commonly prescribed, many individuals seek alternative or complementary treatments through dietary supplements. This article reviews the efficacy of various supplements in lowering cholesterol levels, based on recent research findings.
Vitamin C and Cholesterol Reduction
Vitamin C Supplementation
Vitamin C has been shown to significantly reduce serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides. A meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials found that supplementation with at least 500 mg/day of vitamin C for a minimum of four weeks resulted in a decrease in LDL cholesterol by 7.9 mg/dL and triglycerides by 20.1 mg/dL, although it had a non-significant effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
Probiotics and Lipid Profiles
Probiotic Supplementation
Probiotics have also been studied for their lipid-lowering effects. A meta-analysis of 11 randomized clinical trials indicated that probiotic interventions, including fermented milk products, significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) by 0.17 mmol/L and LDL cholesterol by 0.22 mmol/L. The effect was more pronounced with long-term use and in individuals with mildly elevated cholesterol levels.
Plant Sterols and Stanols
Unesterified Plant Sterols and Stanols
Plant sterols and stanols are well-known for their cholesterol-lowering properties. Research involving hypercholesterolemic subjects showed that unesterified plant sterols and stanols reduced LDL cholesterol by 11.3% to 16.0% and total cholesterol by 7.8% to 13.1%. These compounds work by inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the intestines.
Phytosterols and Mediterranean Diet
A study on the effect of plant sterols combined with adherence to a Mediterranean diet found significant reductions in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. The study highlighted that greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet enhanced the cholesterol-lowering effects of plant sterols.
Naringin and Antioxidant Effects
Naringin Supplementation
Naringin, a flavonoid found in citrus fruits, has demonstrated lipid-lowering and antioxidant effects. In hypercholesterolemic subjects, naringin supplementation reduced total cholesterol by 14% and LDL cholesterol by 17%, while also enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes.
Capsaicinoids and Cholesterol Levels
Capsaicinoid Supplementation
Capsaicinoids, the active components in chili peppers, have been studied for their potential to lower cholesterol. A meta-analysis of controlled human trials found that capsaicinoid supplementation significantly reduced total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, although it had no significant effect on HDL cholesterol and triglycerides.
Red Yeast Rice
Red Yeast Rice Supplementation
Red yeast rice, a traditional Chinese supplement, has been shown to significantly reduce total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, subjects taking red yeast rice experienced a notable decrease in total cholesterol from 6.57 mmol/L to 5.38 mmol/L over 12 weeks.
Conclusion
Various dietary supplements, including vitamin C, probiotics, plant sterols, naringin, capsaicinoids, and red yeast rice, have demonstrated efficacy in lowering cholesterol levels. These supplements offer alternative or complementary options for individuals seeking to manage their cholesterol through non-prescription means. However, it is essential to consult healthcare providers before starting any new supplement regimen to ensure safety and efficacy.
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