Survival rate of heart attack
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Survival Rate of Heart Attack: A Comprehensive Analysis
Global Survival Rates of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA)
The survival rates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have been extensively studied, revealing significant insights into patient outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis encompassing 141 studies found that the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) occurred in 29.7% of cases, with 22.0% surviving to hospital admission and 8.8% surviving to hospital discharge. The one-month and one-year survival rates were 10.7% and 7.7%, respectively . These rates have shown improvement over the past 40 years, particularly in Western countries and among patients who received bystander CPR .
Short-Term Survival Rates Post-Myocardial Infarction
In Iran, a meta-analysis of 62,486 patients revealed that the one-month and one-year survival rates after a myocardial infarction were 87.7% and 85.2%, respectively . This indicates that short-term survival rates in Iran are comparable to those in developed countries, although the average age of heart attack patients in Iran is lower, suggesting a higher disease burden in terms of years lost to the disease .
Long-Term Survival After OHCA
Long-term survival rates for OHCA patients who survive the initial hospital stay have also been studied. A meta-analysis found that the median survival time was 5.0 years, with survival rates of 82.8% at three years, 77.0% at five years, 63.9% at ten years, and 57.5% at fifteen years . Patients with a shockable initial rhythm had a significantly lower risk of long-term mortality compared to those with a non-shockable rhythm .
Impact of Specialized Care on Survival Rates
Patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who were resuscitated from OHCA and transported directly to a Heart Attack Centre showed excellent survival outcomes. In a study, 66% of these patients survived to hospital discharge, with the majority remaining alive after one year . Factors contributing to higher survival rates included younger age, witnessed arrest, and quicker transport to specialized care .
Predictors of Survival from OHCA
Key predictors of survival from OHCA include whether the event was witnessed by a bystander or emergency medical services (EMS), the provision of bystander CPR, the initial cardiac rhythm, and the return of spontaneous circulation. Survival rates to hospital discharge were higher among those who received bystander CPR and those with an initial rhythm of ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia . Despite these predictors, the overall survival rate from OHCA has remained stable at around 7.6% over the past three decades .
Gender and Marital Status Influences on Survival
Gender concordance between patient and physician has been shown to affect survival rates. Female heart attack patients treated by male physicians had higher mortality rates compared to those treated by female physicians. Male physicians with more experience treating female patients or working with female colleagues had better outcomes for female patients . Additionally, marital status significantly influences survival, with never-married, divorced, or widowed individuals at higher risk of dying after a heart attack compared to continuously married individuals .
Conclusion
The survival rates of heart attack patients vary widely based on several factors, including the type of cardiac event, immediate medical response, long-term care, and socio-demographic factors. While short-term survival rates post-myocardial infarction are relatively high, long-term survival rates for OHCA patients show a gradual decline over time. Specialized care and prompt medical intervention significantly improve survival outcomes, highlighting the importance of efficient emergency response systems and specialized cardiac care facilities. Gender and marital status also play crucial roles in patient survival, indicating the need for personalized and socially aware medical care strategies.
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