Symptoms of heart block
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Symptoms of Heart Block
Common Symptoms of Complete Heart Block
Complete heart block, also known as third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, is characterized by a complete disconnection between the atrial and ventricular contractions. This condition can manifest through a variety of symptoms, which can vary in severity and presentation.
Syncope and Dizziness
Syncope (fainting) and dizziness are frequently reported symptoms in patients with complete heart block. These symptoms are often due to the reduced cardiac output and bradycardia (slow heart rate) associated with the condition . In a study of patients with radiation-induced complete heart block, syncope was the initial symptom in three out of four cases. Similarly, another study found that fainting and dizziness accounted for approximately 13% of the initial symptoms reported by patients prior to hospital admission and pacemaker implantation.
Chest Pain and Palpitations
Chest pain and palpitations are also common in individuals with complete heart block. These symptoms are often related to the heart's inability to maintain a regular rhythm and adequate blood flow. In a case report, a 71-year-old male presented with severe chest pain, breathlessness, excessive palpitations, vertigo, and sweating. Another study noted that chest pain accounted for 13.6% of the initial symptoms in patients with complete AV block.
Breathlessness and Effort Intolerance
Breathlessness and effort intolerance are significant symptoms that can indicate the presence of complete heart block. These symptoms are typically due to the heart's reduced efficiency in pumping blood, leading to inadequate oxygen delivery to the body's tissues. In a review of patients with radiation-induced complete heart block, effort intolerance was noted as an initial symptom in one patient. Additionally, a 74-year-old man with complete heart block reported dyspnea on exertion and poor exercise tolerance.
Bradycardia and Low Cardiac Output
Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is a hallmark of complete heart block. This condition can lead to decreased perfusion and low cardiac output, which in turn can cause serious arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia, syncope, and even sudden death. Patients with congenital complete heart block are particularly prone to these symptoms due to the chronic nature of their condition .
Other Symptoms
Other less common symptoms of complete heart block can include vertigo, sweating, and signs of congestive heart failure. In some cases, patients may present with atypical symptoms such as trauma or exposure-related complaints, breathing problems, or unclear issues . These varied presentations highlight the importance of thorough clinical evaluation and monitoring in patients suspected of having complete heart block.
Conclusion
Complete heart block presents with a wide range of symptoms, including syncope, dizziness, chest pain, palpitations, breathlessness, and bradycardia. These symptoms are often related to the heart's inability to maintain a regular rhythm and adequate blood flow. Early recognition and appropriate management, including the potential use of pacemakers, are crucial in improving outcomes for patients with this condition.
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