Symptoms of poisoning
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Symptoms of Poisoning: A Comprehensive Overview
Organophosphate Poisoning Symptoms
Keywords: Organophosphate poisoning, SLUDGE symptoms, muscarinic effects
Organophosphate (OP) poisoning is characterized by a distinct set of symptoms known as the SLUDGE syndrome: Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastric cramps, and Emesis. These symptoms result from the stimulation of muscarinic receptors. Additionally, OP poisoning can cause nicotinic and central nervous system effects, including muscle twitching, weakness, and respiratory depression. Symptoms can be classified based on their onset: acute (within 24 hours), delayed (24 hours to 2 weeks), or late (beyond 2 weeks). This classification helps in understanding the progression and management of the poisoning1 7.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Symptoms
Keywords: Carbon monoxide poisoning, systemic manifestations, neurological complications
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning primarily causes tissue hypoxia, leading to various systemic and neurological complications. Acute symptoms include cardiovascular alterations such as tachycardia and hypertension, and central nervous system symptoms like headache, dizziness, convulsions, and unconsciousness. Severe cases can result in myocardial ischemia, pulmonary edema, and acute renal failure. Notably, delayed neurological sequelae, such as mental deterioration, urinary incontinence, and gait disturbances, can occur days or weeks after the initial exposure2.
Food Poisoning Symptoms
Keywords: Food poisoning, gastrointestinal symptoms, contamination
Food poisoning, caused by consuming contaminated food, presents with symptoms that vary depending on the contaminant. Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramps, and fever. These symptoms can appear within hours to days after ingestion and typically last from a few hours to several days. In most cases, supportive care, including fluid and electrolyte replacement, is sufficient for recovery3 4.
Lead Poisoning Symptoms
Keywords: Lead poisoning, neurological damage, gastrointestinal symptoms
Lead poisoning often goes undiagnosed due to its subtle onset. Symptoms include irritability, stomachaches, poor appetite, diarrhea, colic, distractibility, and lethargy. In severe cases, it can cause mood swings, severe abdominal pain, headaches, and loss of motor coordination. Chronic exposure can lead to kidney and neurological damage, anemia, hypertension, and reproductive issues such as impotence and miscarriages5.
Toad Poisoning Symptoms
Keywords: Toad poisoning, gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiac effects
Toad poisoning, often resulting from the ingestion of toad meat, primarily causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, typically appearing within two hours of ingestion. Severe cases can lead to bradycardia, shock, and cardiac arrest. Electrocardiogram abnormalities, such as sinus bradycardia, are common. Supportive care, including gastrointestinal decontamination and management of hyperkalemia, is crucial for treatment6.
General Principles of Poisoning Symptoms
Keywords: Poisoning symptoms, acute and chronic poisoning, toxic effects
Poisoning can result from various substances, including drugs, pesticides, and heavy metals. Symptoms can be acute, appearing shortly after exposure, or chronic, developing over a long period. Common symptoms include rash, diarrhea, seizures, dilated pupils, and nausea. Severe poisoning can lead to long-term complications such as organ damage, coma, or death. Diagnosis involves clinical assessment, history, physical examination, and toxicological screening. Immediate treatment is essential to manage symptoms and prevent further exposure7.
Honey Poisoning Symptoms
Keywords: Honey poisoning, hypotension, bradycardia
Honey poisoning, particularly in regions like the Black Sea, can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, salivation, dizziness, weakness, hypotension, bradycardia, and syncope. These symptoms typically resolve within 24 hours with supportive care, including intravenous fluids and atropine9.
Marine Poisoning Symptoms
Keywords: Marine poisoning, ciguatera, tetrodotoxin poisoning
Marine poisoning results from consuming toxic marine animals and presents with significant neurological symptoms. Ciguatera poisoning causes gastrointestinal issues and neurological effects like myalgia and ataxia. Tetrodotoxin and paralytic shellfish poisoning are more severe, leading to mild gastrointestinal symptoms and descending paralysis, which can progress to respiratory failure. Diagnosis is based on the type of marine animal ingested and the clinical presentation10.
Conclusion
Understanding the diverse symptoms of poisoning is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management. Each type of poisoning presents with unique clinical features, ranging from gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms to severe neurological complications. Prompt recognition and appropriate supportive care are essential to mitigate the adverse effects and improve patient outcomes.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
Clinical features of organophosphate poisoning: A review of different classification systems and approaches
Different approaches to symptom classification in organophosphate poisoning can enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanism and improve patient management.
Systematic Review
Highly CitedCarbon monoxide poisoning: systemic manifestations and complications.
Carbon monoxide poisoning can cause various systemic and neurological complications, with delayed sequelae often affecting mental deterioration, urinary incontinence, and gait disturbances.
Highly CitedFood poisoning
Food poisoning is often self-limited and treated with nonspecific supportive therapy, but severe cases require hospitalization.
The Symptoms of Lead Poisoning
Lead poisoning symptoms in children can be difficult to recognize, but blood tests can help determine if lead is present.
Toad Poisoning: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes
Toad poisoning commonly causes gastrointestinal symptoms and bradycardia, with severe cases leading to death, and supportive, symptomatic care may be the main therapies.
Rigorous JournalOrganophosphate–pyrethroid combined poisoning may be associated with prolonged cholinergic symptoms compared to either poison alone
Organophosphate-pyrethroid combined poisoning may cause prolonged cholinergic symptoms compared to either poison alone, potentially requiring hospitalization for treatment.
Case Report
Very Rigorous JournalHypotension, bradycardia and syncope caused by honey poisoning.
Honey poisoning should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and patients with vomiting, hypotension, and bradycardia.
Highly CitedNeurotoxic marine poisoning
Ciguatera, tetrodotoxin, and paralytic shellfish poisoning are common marine poisonings with neurological symptoms, and supportive care is the mainstay of treatment.
Highly Cited