Systolic meaning
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Understanding Systolic Blood Pressure: Definition and Clinical Significance
Definition of Systolic Blood Pressure
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) is the pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries when the heart contracts and pumps blood into the aorta and other arteries. It is the higher of the two numbers in a blood pressure reading, the other being diastolic pressure, which measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.
Systolic Pressure Variation (SPV) as an Indicator
Systolic Pressure Variation (SPV) is a specific measure used to assess changes in systolic blood pressure. SPV is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of systolic blood pressure following a single positive pressure breath. This measure is particularly sensitive in detecting hypovolemia, a condition characterized by a decreased volume of circulating blood in the body.
Clinical Relevance of Systolic Blood Pressure
Systolic Hypertension: Systolic hypertension, where only the systolic pressure is elevated, is more common than diastolic hypertension and is a significant contributor to the global disease burden associated with hypertension. Elevated systolic blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including heart attack and stroke.
SPV in Hypovolemia Detection
In clinical settings, SPV is used to monitor patients for hypovolemia. Research involving ventilated dogs subjected to graded hemorrhage has shown that SPV, along with its components (Δ up and Δ down), correlates strongly with the degree of blood loss. This makes SPV a reliable indicator of hypovolemia, often more accurate than other hemodynamic parameters such as central venous pressure and mean systemic blood pressure.
Conclusion
Systolic blood pressure is a critical measure in understanding cardiovascular health. SPV, a variation of systolic pressure, serves as a sensitive indicator for conditions like hypovolemia, providing valuable insights for clinical assessments. Elevated systolic pressure, or systolic hypertension, remains a significant health concern globally, underscoring the importance of monitoring and managing systolic blood pressure effectively.
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