Theories about creation of universe
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Theories About the Creation of the Universe
Self-Creation Cosmologies
Brans-Dicke Theory Adaptation
One approach to the creation of the universe involves adapting the Brans-Dicke theory to produce a continuous creation model. This theory posits that the universe is created from self-contained gravitational, scalar, and matter fields. However, it faces significant challenges, particularly in violating the principle of equivalence, which makes it less satisfactory1.
Improved Self-Creation Theory
An improved version of the self-creation theory retains the attractive features of the original while addressing its shortcomings. This revised theory aligns more closely with general relativity and has empirical tests that require further examination1.
Quantum Phenomenon in Universe Creation
Quantum Creation of Massy Particles
Quantum mechanics offers another perspective on universe creation. It suggests that massy particles can be created without energy cost in a cosmological context. This leads to a model where the universe begins with a spontaneous pointlike disturbance, resulting in a "fireball" that replaces the traditional big bang, thus avoiding an initial singularity2.
Quantum Creation and Inflationary Universe
The quantum creation of an open inflationary universe can be described using different wave functions. The Hartle-Hawking wave function suggests a universe with a very low Omega value, leading to a practically structureless universe. In contrast, the tunneling wave function predicts an Omega value of 1, which aligns with the expectation that inflation makes the universe flat9.
Creation Ex Nihilo
Creatio Ex Nihilo Theory
The "Creatio Ex Nihilo" (CEN) theory proposes that the universe originated from "nothing" in informational terms. This theory does not require amendments to the laws of physics but offers a new scenario for the universe's initiation, merging with current cosmological models from that point onward. It aims to provide a more complete model of universe creation, suggesting that creation from nothing is feasible3.
Multiverse and Divine Creation
Multiverse Theories
Multiverse theories explore the idea of divine creation across multiple universes. However, accounts by theorists like Donald Turner, Klaas Kraay, and Tim O’Connor have been criticized for being incoherent. A preferable multiverse would include a greater variety of universes than those proposed by these theorists4.
Creation Ex Deo
Universe Created from God
The "Creation Ex Deo" theory posits that the universe is created out of God's own substance. This idea, though attractive, has not been widely accepted due to its perceived vagueness and potential theological objections. The theory suggests that God creates the universe out of His mental imagery, drawing from the ontology of mental images6.
Pseudo-Problem of Creation
Critique of External Cause Creation
Some cosmologists argue that the problem of matter-energy creation has been mistakenly transformed into a pseudo-problem of creation by an external cause. They assert that the initial vacuum states in quantum cosmology do not support the idea of divine creation ex nihilo5.
Spin-Top Theory
Hydrogen-Based Universe Creation
The Spin-Top Theory suggests that the universe was created from a "universe-seed" made of hydrogen. This seed exploded, spreading hydrogen and its thermonuclear reaction products, forming an expanding ellipsoid. The universe undergoes cycles of expansion and contraction, with each cycle lasting about 148 billion years8.
Conclusion
The creation of the universe is a topic explored through various theories, ranging from self-creation cosmologies and quantum phenomena to multiverse theories and divine creation. Each theory offers unique insights and faces its own set of challenges, contributing to our understanding of the universe's origins. Further empirical tests and theoretical developments are necessary to refine these models and address their limitations.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
On two “self-creation” cosmologies
The second theory, which retains attractive features of the first theory, does not violate the principle of equivalence and approaches general relativity in every respect.
Highly CitedThe Creation of the Universe as a Quantum Phenomenon
Quantum creation of massy particles can occur in a cosmological context without energy cost, leading to a causal open homogeneous isotropic cosmology that avoids an initial singularity.
Highly CitedSpontaneous creation of the Universe Ex Nihilo
The 'Creatio Ex Nihilo' theory proposes a feasible universe creation scenario from 'nothing' in information terms, merging with current cosmological models without amendments to physics laws.
The Pseudo-Problem of Creation in Physical Cosmology
The pseudo-problem of creation in physical cosmology is a fallacy, and the initial "true" and "false" vacuum states of quantum cosmology do not support biblical divine creation ex nihilo.
A Theory of Creation Ex Deo
God creates the universe out of His mental imagery, addressing concerns about vagueness and objectivity in the idea of creation ex deo.
Hydrogen & hydrogen energy creating the universe: Spin-Top Theory
The Spin-Top Theory estimates that a universe cycle is about 148 billion years, with hydrogen and its thermonuclear reaction products creating the universe and its life cycle.
Quantum creation of an open inflationary universe
The tunneling wave function better describes the probability of universe creation, leading to a universe with Omega = 1, which aligns with the standard expectation that inflation makes the universe flat.
Highly CitedCosmological particle production: a review
Quantum particle creation in expanding universes is a fundamental physical principle, with applications to inflationary cosmology models and potentially experimentally realizable analog models.
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