Total protein a/g ratio
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Understanding Total Protein and A/G Ratio in Various Contexts
Serum Total Protein and A/G Ratio in Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
Research on children with different grades of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) reveals significant insights into serum total protein and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratios. In children suffering from PEM, serum total protein and albumin levels are significantly lower compared to healthy controls. However, the changes in serum total protein across different grades of PEM are not statistically significant. Interestingly, while the A/G ratio in grade I and grade II PEM is higher than in healthy controls, these differences are not significant. In contrast, grade III PEM shows a significantly higher A/G ratio compared to controls, indicating a more severe imbalance in protein levels1.
Reference Ranges of Serum Total Protein and A/G Ratio in Healthy Populations
A study conducted in Chongqing aimed to establish reference ranges for serum total protein, albumin, and A/G ratio among healthy individuals. The findings indicate that total protein levels do not significantly differ between men and women, but there are notable differences between age groups. Specifically, younger individuals (10-20 years old) have higher total protein levels compared to those over 20 years old. The reference ranges for albumin and A/G ratio also show that men generally have higher values than women, and younger individuals (10-30 years old) have higher ranges than older age groups. These reference ranges are essential for accurate clinical assessments and should be tailored to local dietary and lifestyle habits2.
Serum Protein Profiles in Foals and Their Clinical Implications
In foals, normal reference values for serum proteins, including total protein, albumin, globulin, and A/G ratio, have been established using both chemical and electrophoretic methods. The study found that total protein, albumin, and globulin levels, as well as A/G ratios, were consistent across different methods. Notably, variations in alpha and beta globulin levels were observed early in life, leading to the identification of two distinct populations of foals based on their globulin content and A/G ratio. This differentiation is crucial for assessing passive immunity transfer in newborn foals, suggesting that A/G ratio can be a valuable marker for evaluating colostral antibody levels3.
Serum Protein Profiles in Bulls: Influence of Breed, Age, and Body Condition
In bulls, serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and A/G ratio vary significantly based on breed, age, and body condition score (BCS). The study highlights that breed differences significantly affect all measured parameters, while age differences significantly impact total protein, albumin, globulin, and A/G ratio. Among different BCS groups, only albumin concentration showed significant variation. These findings underscore the importance of considering breed, age, and BCS when interpreting serum protein profiles in bulls for clinical and diagnostic purposes6.
Serum Globulin and A/G Ratio in Hemodialysis Patients
In hemodialysis patients, serum globulin levels and A/G ratios are critical markers for assessing mortality risk. Higher globulin concentrations (>3.8 g/dL) are associated with increased all-cause and infection-related mortality. Additionally, a lower A/G ratio (<0.75) and lower total serum protein (<5.5 g/dL) are linked to higher mortality hazards. These associations persist even after adjusting for other markers of malnutrition and inflammation, highlighting the importance of monitoring serum globulin and A/G ratios in this patient population8.
Conclusion
The total protein and A/G ratio are vital indicators in various health contexts, from malnutrition in children to clinical assessments in animals and humans. Understanding the reference ranges and the factors influencing these parameters can significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy and patient care. Whether in malnutrition, healthy populations, or specific clinical conditions like hemodialysis, these markers provide essential insights into the body's protein balance and overall health.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Serum total protein, albumin and A/G ratio in different grades of protein energy malnutrition.
Protein energy malnutrition in children leads to lower serum total protein and albumin levels, with a higher A/G ratio in grade-III malnutrition.
Observational StudyStudy investigate the reference ranges of serum total protein albumin and A/G ratio among the health people in Chongqing
The reference ranges of total protein,albumin, and A/G ratio are flexible, with appropriate values based on local living habits and diet structures.
Observational StudySerum protein reference values in foals during the first year of life: comparison of chemical and electrophoretic methods.
The A/G ratio may be useful in assessing adequate colostral antibody levels in newborn foals, as it shows wide variations in globulin content and A/G ratio early in life.
Observational StudyPlasma Proteins of Chickens as Influenced by Time of Laying, Ovulation, Number of Blood Samples Taken and Plasma Volume
Chicken plasma proteins are influenced by time of lay, ovulation, number of blood samples taken, and plasma volume, with a higher A/G ratio in the latter case.
Literature ReviewWhey Predominant, Whey Modified Infant Formula with Protein/energy Ratio of 1.8 g/100 kcal: Adequate and Safe for Term Infants From Birth to Four Months
A whey predominant starter formula with 1.8 g protein per 100 kcal meets the needs of normal term infants during the first four months of life, achieving normal growth and plasma urea concentrations.
RCT
Highly CitedProfile of total protein, albumin, globulin, and albumin globulin ratio in bulls.
Bulls have higher serum protein concentrations than cattle, but their albumin globulin ratio is lower, with breed variation and age playing significant roles.
A reduced ratio of dietary carbohydrate to protein improves body composition and blood lipid profiles during weight loss in adult women.
Increasing the proportion of protein to carbohydrate in adult women's diet improves body composition, blood lipids, glucose homeostasis, and satiety during weight loss.
Highly CitedAssociation of serum globulin with all-cause mortality in incident hemodialysis patients.
Higher serum globulin levels in hemodialysis patients are associated with higher mortality risk, regardless of other markers of malnutrition and inflammation.
Observational StudyOptimum dietary protein to energy ratio for channel catfish fingerlings, Ictalurus punctatus.
The optimal protein:energy ratio for channel catfish fingerlings is approximately 88 (24-36% crude protein), with diets containing 24% crude protein and 275 kcal/100 g being more efficient in protein utilization.
Non-RCT
Animal StudyHighly CitedRevised Reference Values for the Intake of Protein
The revised reference values for protein intake in 2017 remain unchanged for infants, children, adolescents, and adults 65 years, but set a higher estimate for adults > 65 years, potentially challenging food-based nutrition concepts for older individuals.
Systematic ReviewHighly Cited