Treat asthma
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Summary
10 papers analyzed
These studies suggest that asthma treatment should be individualized with a focus on anti-inflammatory agents, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) can be a beneficial additive treatment, and new therapies including biologics are emerging, while acupuncture shows insignificant effects.
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Effective Treatments for Asthma: A Comprehensive Overview
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that affects millions of people worldwide. Managing asthma effectively requires a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments tailored to individual patient needs. This article synthesizes the latest research on various treatment modalities for asthma, including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), pharmacotherapy, and novel therapeutic approaches.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for Asthma
Herbal Remedies and Non-Oral Therapies
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used for centuries to treat respiratory conditions, including asthma. TCM treatments focus on modifying the whole body status to treat the lungs, using personalized treatment plans based on clinical patterns such as cold-related wheezing and energy-deficiency-related wheezing. Common TCM treatments include herbal remedies, cupping, acupuncture, and massage. Studies indicate that TCM can be a safe additive treatment to Western medicine, improving symptoms and quality of life for asthma patients.
Immunoregulatory Effects
TCM has also shown promise in regulating the immune system to treat asthma. Research suggests that TCM can inhibit the activation and migration of inflammatory cells, balance Th1/Th2 responses, and suppress allergic hyperreactivity by inducing regulatory T cells or attenuating dendritic cell function. These mechanisms provide a scientific basis for the use of TCM in asthma treatment.
Specific Herbal Formulations
One specific TCM formulation, Ding Chuan Tang (DCT), has been studied for its effects on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in children with asthma. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial found that DCT significantly improved AHR, symptom scores, and medication scores in children with persistent asthma, suggesting that it can be an effective complementary therapy.
Pharmacotherapy for Asthma
Inhaled Corticosteroids and Bronchodilators
Pharmacotherapy remains the cornerstone of asthma management. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and bronchodilators are the primary treatments. For mild asthma, treatment is recommended only when needed, using a fixed combination of ICS and formoterol or short-acting bronchodilators. For moderate asthma, maintenance treatment with ICS and long-acting beta-mimetics, possibly supplemented with long-acting anticholinergic agents, is recommended. Allergen immunotherapy may also be considered for patients with documented allergic asthma.
Single Inhaler Therapy (SiT)
The combination of formoterol and budesonide in a single inhaler (SiT) has been shown to reduce exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids compared to traditional treatment methods. SiT offers the convenience of a single inhaler for both maintenance and relief, although it is associated with a higher rate of discontinuations due to adverse events.
Corticosteroids for Acute Exacerbations
Corticosteroids are also effective in preventing relapse following acute asthma exacerbations. A short course of corticosteroids significantly reduces the number of relapses, hospitalizations, and the need for short-acting beta-agonists without increasing side effects.
Novel Therapeutic Approaches
Biologics and Immunomodulatory Agents
New therapies, including biologics, are now available to treat T2 high asthma, a subtype characterized by high levels of type 2 inflammation. These therapies target specific pathways involved in the inflammatory process, offering new hope for patients with severe asthma. However, treatment of T2 low asthma remains a challenge, and ongoing research is needed to develop effective therapies for this subtype.
Early Introduction of Anti-Inflammatory Agents
There is a growing consensus that early introduction of anti-inflammatory agents, such as corticosteroids or cromolyn sodium, can effectively suppress airway inflammation, reducing the need for bronchodilator therapy and potentially decreasing asthma morbidity and mortality.
Conclusion
Effective asthma management requires a multifaceted approach that includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Traditional Chinese Medicine offers promising complementary therapies, while pharmacotherapy remains essential for controlling inflammation and preventing exacerbations. Novel biologics and early introduction of anti-inflammatory agents represent exciting advancements in asthma treatment. Tailoring these treatments to individual patient needs is crucial for achieving optimal asthma control and improving quality of life.
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