Types of blood corpuscles

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Types of Blood Corpuscles

Blood corpuscles, also known as blood cells, are essential components of the circulatory system. They are primarily classified into three main types: erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets). Each type plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's physiological balance and overall health.

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

Structure and Function of Erythrocytes

Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. These cells are characterized by their biconcave shape, which increases their surface area for gas exchange. Mature erythrocytes in mammals are non-nucleated, a feature that maximizes their oxygen-carrying capacity .

Permeability and Lifespan

Red blood cells possess a unique permeability that allows them to retain potassium while facilitating the exchange of oxygen and other substances. This selective permeability is crucial for their function and survival in the bloodstream . The lifespan of erythrocytes is typically around 120 days, after which they are removed from circulation and broken down, primarily in the spleen and liver .

Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

Types and Development of Leukocytes

Leukocytes are the body's primary defense against infections and foreign substances. They are produced in the bone marrow and can be classified into several types, including lymphocytes, monocytes, and granular leukocytes (such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) 13. Each type of leukocyte has a specific function in the immune response, ranging from producing antibodies to engulfing and destroying pathogens.

Migration and Function

Leukocytes are capable of migrating out of the bloodstream to reach sites of infection or injury. This migration is facilitated by the discontinuities in the walls of venous sinusoids in the bone marrow . Once at the site of infection, leukocytes perform various functions, such as phagocytosis, to eliminate harmful microorganisms.

Thrombocytes (Platelets)

Role in Hemostasis

Thrombocytes, or platelets, are small cell fragments that play a critical role in blood clotting and wound healing. They are produced in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes and are released into the bloodstream where they circulate for about 7-10 days . Platelets aggregate at the site of a blood vessel injury, forming a temporary plug to prevent excessive bleeding.

Blood Platelets and Their Nomenclature

The term "blood platelets" has been used interchangeably with other names such as "hematoblasts" and "blood plaques." These terms have evolved over time as our understanding of these cell fragments has deepened .

Conclusion

Blood corpuscles are vital to the body's function, each type serving a unique and essential role. Erythrocytes transport gases, leukocytes defend against infections, and thrombocytes facilitate clotting. Understanding the development, function, and lifecycle of these cells is crucial for advancing medical science and improving health outcomes.

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Most relevant research papers on this topic

DEVELOPMENT AND DESTRUCTION OF BLOOD CORPUSCLES. MARROW

Blood corpuscles are continuously made and destroyed outside the blood stream, with some being removed from circulation and others being recycled through the liver and bile into the alimentary canal.

1973·

0citations

·S. Bradbury

THE DETERMINATION OF THE LENGTH OF LIFE OF TRANSFUSED BLOOD CORPUSCLES IN MAN

Transfused blood corpuscles in humans can remain in circulation for 30 days or more, with their beneficial effects likely due to their functioning rather than stimulating bone marrow.

Highly Cited

1919·

296citations

·W. Ashby

X.—Mitosis and Cell Differentiation in the Blood

It was in 1878 that Ehrlich, with the aid of his triacid stain, described in terms of granulation of the cytoplasm six types of leucocytes. This marked the first real advance in our knowledge of the blood corpuscles. Present-day classification of cells in the blood-forming tissues gives six main groups with about thirty named types of cells. These fine subdivisions appear to represent different stages in different lines of development from one original type, chiefly by change in the shape of the resting nucleus. Divergence in opinion arises as to whether all these types of cell develop in the red bone marrow, or whether some arise elsewhere in the body.

1944·

17citations

·L. Cour

Permeability of vital membranes: The red blood corpuscle.

The red blood corpuscle's remarkable ability to retain potassium and maintain permeability to oxygen and other substances suggests that it may serve as a model for studying the passage of therapeutic substances and foodstuffs through other vital membranes.

1932·

9citations

·D. Woodhouse et al.

The Red Blood Corpuscles of Primitive Mammals

ALTHOUGH the investigations of Weidenreich, Lohner, and Jordan, and the more recent studies of Arey and Ponder have led to considerable discussion concerning the actual form of the red corpuscles in the circulating blood of the Eutheria, it has long been recognized and generally accepted as an established fact that the mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated in all groups of the Mammalia.

1936·

12citations

·E. A. Briggs

Vascularization, innervation, and ultrastructure of the endocrine cell types of stannius corpuscles in the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus

Stannius corpuscles in the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus have a portal system blood circulation, with endocrine substances passing through the kidneys before entering the general body circulation.

1977·

29citations

·S. W. Wendelaar Bonga et al.

Abstracts of the Cartwright Lectures on Certain Problems in the Physiology of the Blood-Corpuscles

The Cartwright Lectures aim to determine the existence of a third blood-corpuscle and study the histological processes involved in degeneration and regeneration of blood-corpuscles in disease.

1886·

13citations

·W. Osler

Secretion of Red Blood Corpuscles

This study demonstrates that red blood corpuscle secretion can be seen objectively by a mono-glandular cell, enabling a better understanding of hmopoiesis.

1947·

10citations

·F. Duran‐Jorda

The Stromata of the Red Corpuscles

stromata are then dissolved in a solution of sodium chloride, and the proteid material is analyzed for its nature and composition.

1889·

5citations

·W. D. Halliburton et al.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BLOOD-CORPUSCLES OF THE COMMON OYSTER, GRYPHEA GIGAS.

The Japanese common oyster, Gryphea gigas, has a unique blood composition, consisting of a single type of blood-corpuscle and blood plasma, unlike its allied species Pinctada martensii and Ostrea edulis, which contain leucocytes

1961·

4citations

·Kojiro Tanaka et al.

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