Universal tooth numbering system
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Summary
10 papers analyzed
These studies suggest that the FDI two-digit tooth numbering system is highly recommended for its visual, cognitive, and computer compatibility, while other systems like MICAP and Sarjeev's supernumerary notation also show potential but require further validation.
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Universal Tooth Numbering System: An Overview
Introduction to Tooth Numbering Systems
Tooth numbering systems are essential tools in dental practice, providing a standardized method for identifying and recording teeth. The three most commonly used systems worldwide are the Zsigmondy/Palmer system, the Universal system, and the Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) two-digit system . Each system has its own strengths and weaknesses, and their usage varies by region and preference among dental professionals.
The Universal Tooth Numbering System
Description and Usage
The Universal Tooth Numbering System is predominantly used in the United States. In this system, permanent teeth are numbered from 1 to 32, starting from the upper right third molar (tooth #1) and ending at the lower right third molar (tooth #32) . This straightforward sequential numbering makes it easy to learn and use, especially for dental professionals in the U.S.
Comparison with Other Systems
While the Universal system is simple and widely adopted in the U.S., it is not as commonly used internationally. The FDI two-digit system, for example, is favored globally due to its logical structure, which divides the mouth into quadrants and assigns a two-digit code to each tooth. This system is considered more intuitive and compatible with digital record-keeping .
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
- Simplicity: The Universal system's sequential numbering is easy to understand and memorize, making it accessible for dental students and professionals .
- Widespread Use in the U.S.: Its prevalence in the United States ensures consistency in dental records and communication among American dental professionals .
Disadvantages
- Limited International Use: The Universal system is not widely adopted outside the U.S., which can lead to miscommunication in international contexts .
- Lack of Quadrant Differentiation: Unlike the FDI system, the Universal system does not inherently differentiate between quadrants, which can sometimes lead to confusion .
Educational Insights
Studies comparing the Universal system with newer notations, such as the MICAP system, have shown that while the Universal system is easy to learn, alternative systems like MICAP can be equally comprehensible and may offer additional benefits in terms of clarity and specificity . For instance, the MICAP system uses letters and numbers to denote tooth types and positions, which some students find intuitive .
Conclusion
The Universal Tooth Numbering System remains a staple in American dentistry due to its simplicity and ease of use. However, its limited international adoption and lack of quadrant differentiation highlight the need for a more universally accepted system. The FDI two-digit system, with its logical structure and global acceptance, presents a compelling alternative that could enhance consistency and reduce miscommunication in dental practice worldwide. As dental education evolves, incorporating multiple systems into the curriculum may better prepare future dentists for both local and international practice.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
5
[Standardization of the tooth numbering systems].
5
7 Citations
1989